Dauda Rasaki Stephen
Department of Economics and Business Studies, Redeemer's University, Esde, Osun State, Nigeria.
Int J Health Plann Manage. 2018 Apr;33(2):460-478. doi: 10.1002/hpm.2486. Epub 2018 Jan 12.
West Africa occupies the third position with respect to the burden of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) globally, after Southern and East Africa. About 5 million adults and children are infected with the disease in the subregion, while HIV prevalence in the general population hovers around 2% and 5%. This paper attempts to investigate the impact of HIV/AIDS epidemic on human capital development in 11 West African countries over the period 1990 to 2011. The study used a dynamic panel data modeling approach, using first difference, difference generalized methods of moment, and system generalized methods of moment estimating techniques. Four measures of HIV/AIDS and 2 human capital measures were used in the study. The findings revealed that HIV/AIDS pandemic had negative and significant impact on human capital in West Africa. However, the statistical significance was more pronounced on life expectancy (a measure of human capital), while the negative impact on school enrolment (another human capital measure) was not significant. It is therefore recommended that the spread of HIV/AIDS disease in West Africa should be effectively controlled, while the number of infected persons undergoing antiretroviral therapy in the subregion should be increased to a near 100% coverage.
在全球人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病毒/艾滋病）负担方面，西非仅次于南部非洲和东部非洲，位居第三。该次区域约有500万成年人和儿童感染了这种疾病，而普通人群中的艾滋病毒感染率徘徊在2%至5%左右。本文试图调查1990年至2011年期间艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行对11个西非国家人力资本发展的影响。该研究采用了动态面板数据建模方法，运用一阶差分、差分广义矩方法和系统广义矩估计技术。研究中使用了四项艾滋病毒/艾滋病指标和两项人力资本指标。研究结果显示，艾滋病毒/艾滋病大流行对西非的人力资本产生了负面且显著的影响。然而，这种统计显著性在预期寿命（一种人力资本衡量指标）上更为明显，而对入学率（另一项人力资本衡量指标）的负面影响并不显著。因此，建议应有效控制西非艾滋病毒/艾滋病的传播，同时将该次区域接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的感染人数覆盖率提高至接近100%。
