Abe Takashi, Dankel Scott J, Buckner Samuel L, Jessee Matthew B, Mattocks Kevin T, Mouser J Grant, Bell Zachary W, Loenneke Jeremy P
Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA -
Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2019 Feb;59(2):304-309. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.18.08267-1. Epub 2018 Jan 10.
The sex difference in 100-m sprint performance between the world's best athletes is approximately 10%. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle mass (SM) relative to body mass may be a major factor contributing to this difference. The aim of this study was to examine the sex difference in absolute and relative SM and sprint performance in male and female sprinters.
We analyzed the SM of male (N.=37) and female (N.=26) 100-m sprinters; the sample was divided into two subgroups within each sex according to personal best 100-m time: 10.00-10.90 s (M10; N.=22) and 11.00-11.70 s (M11; N.=15) for males and 11.00-11.90 s (F11, N.=14) and 12.00-13.50 s (F12, N.=12) for females. SM was estimated from ultrasound-measured muscle thickness (MT) using prediction equations.
There was an approximate 10% difference in 100-m sprint time between sexes, whereas absolute and relative values of SM for female sprinters were 70-71% and 79-84% of the male sprinters, respectively. No differences were observed within each male/female subgroup for fat-free mass, absolute and relative SM, excepting that leg SM index of M10 was higher than M11. The 100-m time was not different (0.27 s, P=0.051) between M11 and F11 subgroups, but absolute and relative values of SM and MT were higher and percent body fat was lower in the M11 than in the F11 subgroup.
Our results suggest that differences in muscle mass may not play a large role in determining successful performance in elite male and female sprinters.
世界顶级运动员在100米短跑成绩上的性别差异约为10%。我们假设相对于体重的骨骼肌质量（SM）可能是导致这种差异的主要因素。本研究的目的是检验男女短跑运动员在绝对和相对SM以及短跑成绩方面的性别差异。
我们分析了37名男性和26名女性100米短跑运动员的SM；根据个人100米最佳成绩，将每个性别样本分为两个亚组：男性10.00 - 10.90秒（M10；n = 22）和11.00 - 11.70秒（M11；n = 15），女性11.00 - 11.90秒（F11，n = 14）和12.00 - 13.50秒（F12，n = 12）。使用预测方程根据超声测量的肌肉厚度（MT）估算SM。
男女之间100米短跑时间存在约10%的差异，而女性短跑运动员的SM绝对值和相对值分别为男性短跑运动员的70 - 71%和79 - 84%。除M10的腿部SM指数高于M11外，在每个男性/女性亚组内，无脂肪质量、绝对和相对SM均未观察到差异。M11和F11亚组之间的100米时间无差异（0.27秒，P = 0.051），但M11亚组的SM和MT绝对值和相对值更高，体脂百分比更低。
我们的结果表明，肌肉质量差异在决定精英男女短跑运动员的成功表现中可能不起很大作用。
