Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc., Silver Spring, MD 20905, USA.
CoMeD, Inc., Silver Spring, MD 20905, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Jan 12;15(1):123. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15010123.
The National Center for Education Statistics reported that between 1990-2005 the number of children receiving special education services (SES) rose significantly, and then, from 2004-2012, the number declined significantly. This coincided with the introduction of Thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccine in 1991, and the subsequent introduction of Thimerosal-reduced hepatitis B vaccine in the early 2000s. This study examined the potential relationship between infant exposure to mercury from three doses of Thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccine and the risk of boys being adversely affected (as measured by receipt of SES). This cross-sectional study examined 1192 boys (weighted = 24,537,123) 7-8 years of age (born: 1994-2007) from the combined 2001-2014 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES). Survey logistic regression modeling revealed that an exposed population receiving three doses of infant Thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccine (weighted = 11,186,579), in comparison to an unexposed population (weighted = 704,254), were at an increased risk of receipt of SES. This association was robust (crude odds ratio = 10.143, = 0.0232), even when considering covariates, such as race and socioeconomic status (adjusted odds ratio = 9.234, = 0.0259). Survey frequency modeling revealed that receipt of SES for the population that was exposed to three doses of Thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccine in infancy (12.91%) was significantly higher than the unexposed population (1.44%) (prevalence ratio = 8.96, = 0.006, prevalence attributable rate = 0.1147). Despite the limitation of this cross-sectional study not being able to ascribe a direct cause-and-effect relationship between exposure and outcome, it is estimated that an additional 1.2 million boys received SES with excess education costs of about United States (US) $180 billion associated with exposure to Thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccine. By contrast, exposure to Thimerosal-reduced hepatitis B vaccine was not associated with an increased risk of receiving SES. Therefore, routine childhood vaccination is important to reduce the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases, but every effort should be made to eliminate Thimerosal from all vaccines.
美国国家教育统计中心报告称，1990 年至 2005 年间，接受特殊教育服务（SES）的儿童人数显著增加，而从 2004 年至 2012 年，这一数字显著下降。这与 1991 年含硫柳汞乙肝疫苗的引入以及 21 世纪初含硫柳汞乙肝疫苗的引入同时发生。本研究检查了婴儿接受三剂含硫柳汞乙肝疫苗中的汞暴露与男孩（通过接受 SES 来衡量）受到不利影响的风险之间的潜在关系。这项横断面研究调查了 1192 名 7-8 岁的男孩（加权值=24537123），他们来自 2001-2014 年全国健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）的合并数据。调查逻辑回归模型显示，与未暴露人群（加权值=704254）相比，接受三剂婴儿含硫柳汞乙肝疫苗的暴露人群（加权值=11186579）接受 SES 的风险增加。这种关联是稳健的（粗比值比=10.143，=0.0232），即使考虑到种族和社会经济地位等协变量（调整比值比=9.234，=0.0259）。调查频率模型显示，在婴儿期接受三剂含硫柳汞乙肝疫苗的人群中，接受 SES 的比例（12.91%）明显高于未暴露人群（1.44%）（流行率比=8.96，=0.006，流行归因率=0.1147）。尽管这项横断面研究的局限性在于无法确定暴露与结果之间的直接因果关系，但据估计，由于接触含硫柳汞乙肝疫苗，另外有 120 万男孩接受了 SES，额外的教育费用约为 1800 亿美元。相比之下，接触硫柳汞减毒乙肝疫苗与接受 SES 的风险增加无关。因此，常规儿童疫苗接种对于减少传染病的发病率和死亡率很重要，但应尽一切努力从所有疫苗中消除硫柳汞。
