North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 4B2, Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 4B2, Canada.
International Pacific Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1680 East West Road, POST Bldg. #401, Honolulu, HI 96922, USA.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2018 Jul;132:26-32. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.004. Epub 2018 Jan 10.
Marine debris is one of the leading threats to the ocean and the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 washed away an estimated 5million tons of debris in a single, tragic event. Here we used shoreline surveys, disaster debris reports and ocean drift models to investigate the temporal and spatial trends in the arrival of tsunami marine debris. The increase in debris influx to surveyed North American and Hawaiian shorelines was substantial and significant, representing a 10 time increase over the baseline in northern Washington State where a long term dataset was available. The tsunami event brought different types of debris along the coast, with high-windage items dominant in Alaska and British Columbia and large, medium-windage items in Washington State and Oregon. Recorded cumulative debris landings to North America were close to 100,000 items in the four year study period. The temporal peaks in measured shoreline debris and debris reports match the ocean drift model solutions. Mitigation and monitoring activities, such as shoreline surveys, provide crucial data and monitoring for potential impacts should be continued in the future.
海洋垃圾是海洋面临的主要威胁之一，2011 年 3 月 11 日的东日本大地震和海啸一次性冲走了估计 500 万吨的垃圾。在这里，我们利用海岸线调查、灾难垃圾报告和海洋漂流模型来调查海啸海洋垃圾到达的时间和空间趋势。被调查的北美和夏威夷海岸线的垃圾流入量显著增加，在华盛顿州北部，一个长期数据集可用，这代表了基线的 10 倍增加。海啸事件给沿海带来了不同类型的垃圾，大风量物品在阿拉斯加和不列颠哥伦比亚省占主导地位，而在华盛顿州和俄勒冈州则是大型、中型大风量物品。在四年的研究期间，记录到的北美的累积垃圾登陆量接近 10 万件。测量到的海岸线垃圾和垃圾报告中的时间峰值与海洋漂流模型的解决方案相匹配。未来应继续开展缓解和监测活动，如海岸线调查，为潜在影响提供关键数据和监测。
