Universidade Estadual de Londrina, P.O. Box 6001, 6051-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2018 Mar 2;268:53-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.12.027. Epub 2018 Jan 4.
This study investigated the presence of Aspergillus species belonging to Aspergillus section Nigri on Vitis labrusca and its hybrid grapes grown in Brazil. The ability of the fungi isolates to produce ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisin B (FB) as well as the presence of these mycotoxins in the grapes were also studied. Eighty-eight samples were collected from the main grape producing states in Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul (n=30), Pernambuco (n=21), São Paulo (n=21) and Paraná (n=16). The highest average contamination level by A. section Nigri occurred on the grapes from Pernambuco (66.3%). A total of 2042 A. section Nigri isolates was analyzed and clustered in three groups according to morphology characterization: A. section Nigri uniseriate (79.3%), A. niger "aggregate" (18.3%) and A. carbonarius (2.4%). In order to precisely identify the Aspergillus species, two hundred and forty-eight strains were subjected to DNA sequencing. Among the A. section Nigri uniseriate group, the following species were found: A. japonicus, A. uvarum, A. brunneoviolaceus, A. aculeatus and A. labruscus. Within the A. niger "aggregate", the following species were found: A.niger sensu stricto, A. welwitschiae and A. vadensis. Regarding mycotoxin-production capacity, 3.2% of the total A. section Nigri isolates (2042) were positive for OTA production and from A. niger "aggregate" (373) tested, 42.1% were FB producers. However, none of the 88 grape samples were contaminated with these mycotoxins.
本研究调查了巴西生长的美洲葡萄属黑曲霉组（Aspergillus section Nigri）和其杂交葡萄上黑曲霉组种的存在情况。还研究了真菌分离物产生赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）和伏马菌素 B（FB）的能力以及葡萄中这些霉菌毒素的存在情况。从巴西主要葡萄生产州（南里奥格兰德州（n=30）、伯南布哥州（n=21）、圣保罗州（n=21）和巴拉那州（n=16））采集了 88 个样本。在伯南布哥州（66.3%）葡萄上黑曲霉组的平均污染水平最高。分析了 2042 个黑曲霉组分离物，并根据形态特征聚类为三个组：黑曲霉组单轮（79.3%）、黑曲霉“聚集”（18.3%）和炭黑曲霉（2.4%）。为了准确鉴定黑曲霉种，对 248 株菌株进行了 DNA 测序。在黑曲霉组单轮群中，发现了以下种：日本曲霉、酒曲曲霉、黑绿曲霉、棒曲霉和野黑曲霉。在黑曲霉“聚集”中，发现了以下种：黑曲霉（A. niger）、威氏曲霉和伏马菌素曲霉。关于产毒能力，总共有 3.2%的黑曲霉组分离物（2042 株）产生 OTA，在测试的黑曲霉“聚集”（373 株）中，42.1%为 FB 生产者。然而，88 个葡萄样本中均未检测到这些霉菌毒素。
