Testempasis S I, Papazlatani C V, Theocharis S, Karas P A, Koundouras S, Karpouzas D G, Karaoglanidis G S
Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Larissa, Greece.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Nov 24;14:1257644. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1257644. eCollection 2023.
Going through the new transitioning era of the "European Green Deal," the search for alternative, non-chemical, disease control methods is essential. bunch rot is considered one of the most important diseases of grapevines resulting in severe yield losses and, major qualitative deterioration of grape products due to the production of mycotoxins. We investigated, in a two-year field study, the impact of agronomic practices like defoliation to enhance grape microclimate (DF), pruning method to reduce grape bunch density (LBD), and irrigation cut-off (NIR), at three developmental stages of grapevine (Pea size berry, Veraison, and Harvest), on (i) grape composition (titratable acidity, pH, and total soluble solids), (ii) on the frequency of occurrence of on grape berries, and (iii) on the overall composition of grape carposphere microbiome. The density of on grape berries was significantly reduced by the applied management practices (DF, LBD, and NIR). Amplicon sequencing analysis showed that both the phenological stage and the agronomic practices employed (particularly NIR and DF) imposed significant changes in the α-diversity and β-diversity of the grape carposphere bacterial and fungal communities. The NIR, LBD, and DF treatments which supported lower populations, network analysis revealed negative co-occurrence patterns between and several bacterial genera (, and ) reported to have antifungal properties suggesting potential natural attenuation mechanisms for the control of . Overall, our study (i) showed that the application of halting of irrigation and thinning of leaves and grape bunches, reduce the occurrence of and hence the incidence of Bunch rot disease and (ii) identified preliminary evidence for interactions of with members of the epiphytic grape bacterial communities that might be involved in the suppression of , an observation which will be further pursued in following studies in the quest for the discovery of novel biological control agents.
在经历“欧洲绿色协议”这一全新转型时代的过程中，寻找替代性的、非化学的疾病控制方法至关重要。葡萄串腐病被认为是葡萄最重要的病害之一，会导致严重的产量损失，并且由于霉菌毒素的产生，还会使葡萄产品在质量上大幅下降。我们在一项为期两年的田间研究中，调查了诸如去叶以改善葡萄微气候（DF）、采用修剪方法降低葡萄串密度（LBD）以及在葡萄生长的三个发育阶段（豌豆大小的浆果期、转色期和收获期）进行灌溉切断（NIR）等农艺措施对以下方面的影响：（i）葡萄成分（可滴定酸度、pH值和总可溶性固形物），（ii）葡萄浆果上[具体病害名称未给出]的发生频率，以及（iii）葡萄果际微生物群落的整体组成。所采用的管理措施（DF、LBD和NIR）显著降低了葡萄浆果上[具体病害名称未给出]的密度。扩增子测序分析表明，物候期和所采用的农艺措施（特别是NIR和DF）均对葡萄果际细菌和真菌群落的α多样性和β多样性产生了显著影响。支持较低[具体病害名称未给出]种群数量的NIR、LBD和DF处理，网络分析显示[具体病害名称未给出]与几个据报道具有抗真菌特性的细菌属（[具体细菌属名称未给出]、[具体细菌属名称未给出]和[具体细菌属名称未给出]）之间存在负共现模式，这表明存在控制[具体病害名称未给出]的潜在自然衰减机制。总体而言，我们的研究（i）表明停止灌溉以及疏叶和疏葡萄串的应用可减少[具体病害名称未给出]的发生，从而降低葡萄串腐病的发病率；（ii）确定了[具体病害名称未给出]与附生葡萄细菌群落成员相互作用的初步证据，这些细菌群落可能参与了对[具体病害名称未给出]的抑制，这一观察结果将在后续研究中进一步探讨，以寻找新型生物防治剂。
