VA New England Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System (116A-4), 950 Campbell Avenue, Building 36, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
Psychiatr Q. 2018 Sep;89(3):581-588. doi: 10.1007/s11126-018-9562-y.
Stigma towards people with mental illness remains a burden for patients and healthcare providers. This study at a large US university examined the attitudes of psychiatry residents and fellows towards mental illness and its causes, and whether their attitudes differed from the medical student attitudes previously studied utilizing the same survey method. An electronic questionnaire examining attitudes toward people with mental illness, causes of mental Illness, and treatment efficacy was used to survey the attitudes of psychiatry residents and fellows. Exploratory factor analysis derived from the authors' medical student survey was used to examine attitudinal factors. The study response rate was 54.2% (n = 94). Factor analysis employed three factors previously identified reflecting social acceptance of mental illness, belief in supernatural causes, and belief in biopsychosocial causes. Residents and fellows reporting more personal experiences with mental illness, both as a group and when compared with medical students, were significantly more willing to socialize with the mentally ill. Respondents who had more professional (work) experience other than medical school or post-graduate training were less likely to believe in supernatural causes of mental illness. Female residents and fellows were more willing to socialize with the mentally ill, and were less likely to believe in supernatural causes for mental illness than their male counterparts. In our study, increased social acceptance of the mentally ill relates to having personal experiences, advanced training in psychiatry, and female gender. Both professional experiences outside of training and female gender reduced the belief in supernatural causes.
精神疾病患者的污名仍然是患者和医疗保健提供者的负担。这项在美国一所大型大学进行的研究调查了精神科住院医师和研究员对精神疾病及其病因的态度，以及他们的态度是否与之前利用相同调查方法研究的医学生态度不同。一项使用电子问卷调查精神疾病患者、精神疾病病因和治疗效果的态度，以调查精神科住院医师和研究员的态度。作者从医学生调查中得出的探索性因素分析用于检查态度因素。研究的回复率为 54.2%（n=94）。因素分析采用了以前确定的三个因素，反映了对精神疾病的社会接受程度、对超自然原因的信念以及对生物心理社会原因的信念。与医学生相比，报告更多个人精神疾病经历的住院医师和研究员更愿意与精神病患者交往。除医学院或研究生培训以外有更多专业（工作）经验的受访者不太可能相信精神疾病的超自然原因。女性住院医师和研究员更愿意与精神病患者交往，并且比男性同行更不可能相信精神疾病的超自然原因。在我们的研究中，对精神病患者的社会接受度增加与个人经历、精神病学高级培训和女性性别有关。除培训外的专业经验和女性性别都会减少对超自然原因的信仰。
