Elsenbruch Sigrid, Enck Paul
Institute of Medical Psychology & Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Department of Internal Medicine VI: Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
F1000Res. 2017 Dec 19;6:2149. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.12435.1. eCollection 2017.
More than eighty years after Hans Selye (1907-1982) first developed a concept describing how different types of environmental stressors affect physiological functions and promote disease development (called the "general adaptation syndrome") in 1936, we herein review advances in theoretical, mechanistic, and clinical knowledge in stress research, especially in the area of gastroenterology, and summarize progress and future perspectives arising from an interdisciplinary psychoneurobiological framework in which genetics, epigenetics, and other advanced ( ) technologies in the last decade continue to refine knowledge about how stress affects the brain-gut axis in health and gastrointestinal disease. We demonstrate that neurobiological stress research continues to be a driving force for scientific progress in gastroenterology and related clinical areas, inspiring translational research from animal models to clinical applications, while highlighting some areas that remain incompletely understood, such as the roles of sex/gender and gut microbiota in health and disease. Future directions of research should include not only the genetics of the stress response and resilience but also epigenetic contributions.
1936年，汉斯·塞利（1907 - 1982）首次提出了一个概念，描述不同类型的环境应激源如何影响生理功能并促进疾病发展（称为“一般适应综合征”）。八十多年后的今天，我们在此回顾应激研究在理论、机制和临床知识方面的进展，特别是在胃肠病学领域，并总结来自跨学科心理神经生物学框架的进展和未来展望。在这个框架中，遗传学、表观遗传学以及过去十年中的其他先进（ ）技术不断完善我们对压力如何影响健康和胃肠道疾病中脑 - 肠轴的认识。我们证明，神经生物学应激研究仍然是胃肠病学及相关临床领域科学进步的驱动力，激发了从动物模型到临床应用的转化研究，同时突出了一些仍未完全理解的领域，如性别/性别的作用以及肠道微生物群在健康和疾病中的作用。未来的研究方向不仅应包括应激反应和恢复力的遗传学，还应包括表观遗传学的贡献。
