Centre for Violence Prevention, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK.
Avon and Wiltshire Mental Healthcare NHS Partnership Trust, Bristol, UK.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2019 Dec;20(5):693-705. doi: 10.1177/1524838017728707. Epub 2017 Sep 5.
It has been suggested that individuals with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are at increased risk of violence perpetration and victimization. A systematic review was undertaken to identify and critically evaluate the existing empirical research concerning the use and experience of partner violence by adults with IDs. In total, six poor-quality articles were identified: five of which adopted qualitative methods and one of which adopted a mixed-methods approach, comprising a total of 93 participants (48 women, 45 men: 1 perpetrator, 92 victims). The qualitative data were extracted from the studies and synthesized. A partner violence victimization rate of 60% was identified in one nonrepresentative sample. Two superordinate themes emerged from the qualitative data: nature of partner violence experience and help seeking. Children were the cross-cutting theme within the two superordinate themes. Participants reported experiencing a range of physical, emotional, and sexual violence leading to serious injury and psychological consequences. Participants reported experiences of positive and negative help-seeking reactions from professionals and specific requirements of services for victims with IDs. Children were identified as involved in the experience of abuse, the impact of abuse, and decisions to seek help. The findings indicate that training of clinical staff to detect partner violence is needed. In addition, adults with IDs need education concerning healthy relationships. Research is needed to better understand the difference between "challenging behavior" that is behavior displayed by an individual which challenges services, family members, and carers. Such behavior is more common in individuals with a severe ID for whom it would not be appropriate to be dealt with through the criminal justice system, and partner violence, in order to develop appropriate interventions for victims and perpetrators with ID.
有人认为，智力残疾者（ID）遭受暴力侵害和成为暴力受害者的风险增加。本研究旨在对有关智力残疾成年人遭受和经历伴侣暴力的现有实证研究进行系统评价和批判性评估。共确定了六篇低质量的文章：其中五篇采用定性方法，一篇采用混合方法，共涉及 93 名参与者（48 名女性，45 名男性：1 名施害者，92 名受害者）。从研究中提取并综合了定性数据。在一个非代表性样本中，确定了 60%的伴侣暴力受害率。从定性数据中出现了两个主题：伴侣暴力经历的性质和寻求帮助。儿童是这两个主题的交叉主题。参与者报告了遭受各种身体、情感和性暴力的经历，导致严重伤害和心理后果。参与者报告了从专业人员那里获得积极和消极的帮助反应以及为 ID 受害者提供服务的具体要求的经历。儿童被确定为参与虐待经历、虐待的影响以及寻求帮助的决定。研究结果表明，需要培训临床工作人员识别伴侣暴力。此外，智力残疾成年人需要接受有关健康关系的教育。需要进行研究，以更好地了解“挑战性行为”与伴侣暴力之间的区别，“挑战性行为”是指个体表现出挑战服务、家庭成员和照顾者的行为。这种行为在严重智力残疾者中更为常见，对于这些人来说，通过刑事司法系统来处理这种行为并不合适，而伴侣暴力则更适合通过刑事司法系统来处理。因此，需要为 ID 受害者和施害者制定适当的干预措施。
