Pessin Léa
Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Address: 704 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA 16802,.
J Marriage Fam. 2018 Feb;80(1):25-41. doi: 10.1111/jomf.12444. Epub 2017 Oct 5.
Using a regional measure of gender norms from the General Social Surveys together with marital histories from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this study explored how gender norms were associated with women's marriage dynamics between 1968 and 2012. Results suggested that a higher prevalence of egalitarian gender norms predicted a decline in marriage formation. This decline was, however, only true for women without a college degree. For college-educated women, the association between gender norms and marriage formation became positive when gender egalitarianism prevailed. The findings also revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship between gender norms and divorce: an initial increase in divorce was observed when gender norms were predominantly traditional. The association, however, reversed as gender norms became egalitarian. No differences by education were found for divorce. The findings partially support the gender revolution framework but also highlight greater barriers to marriage for low-educated women as societies embrace gender equality.
本研究利用综合社会调查中关于性别规范的区域测量数据以及收入动态面板研究中的婚姻史数据，探讨了1968年至2012年间性别规范与女性婚姻动态之间的关联。结果表明，平等主义性别规范的较高流行率预示着结婚率的下降。然而，这种下降仅适用于没有大学学位的女性。对于受过大学教育的女性，当性别平等主义盛行时，性别规范与结婚率之间的关联变为正向。研究结果还揭示了性别规范与离婚之间呈倒U形关系：当性别规范主要为传统规范时，离婚率最初会上升。然而，随着性别规范变得平等，这种关联发生了逆转。在离婚方面未发现受教育程度的差异。这些发现部分支持了性别革命框架，但也凸显出随着社会接受性别平等，低学历女性在婚姻方面面临更大的障碍。
