Durán Nelson, Simões Mateus B, de Moraes Ana C M, Fávaro Wagner J, Seabra Amedea B
J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2016 Jul;12(7):1323-47. doi: 10.1166/jbn.2016.2225.
In recent years, carbon dots (CDs) have gained increasing attention owing to their unique properties and enormous potential for several biomedical and technological applications. CDs are biocompatible, have a small size with a relatively large surface area, are photostable, and have customizable photoluminescence properties. This review is divided into the following discussions of CDs: general definitions; an overview of recent reviews; methods of green and classical synthesis; applications in bioimaging, involving supercapacitors, nanocarriers and nanomedicine; toxicological evaluations (including cytotoxic, genotoxic and anti-cancer properties of CDs); their conjugation with enzymes, biosensors, and cell labeling. Finally the remaining drawbacks and challenges of CD applications are highlighted. In this context, this article aims to provide critical insight and inspire further developments in the synthesis and application of CDs.
近年来，碳点（CDs）因其独特的性质以及在多种生物医学和技术应用方面的巨大潜力而受到越来越多的关注。碳点具有生物相容性，尺寸小且表面积相对较大，具有光稳定性，并且具有可定制的光致发光特性。本综述分为以下几个部分对碳点进行讨论：一般定义；近期综述概述；绿色合成和经典合成方法；在生物成像中的应用，包括超级电容器、纳米载体和纳米医学；毒理学评估（包括碳点的细胞毒性、遗传毒性和抗癌特性）；它们与酶、生物传感器的共轭以及细胞标记。最后强调了碳点应用中仍然存在的缺点和挑战。在此背景下，本文旨在提供批判性见解并激发碳点合成与应用方面的进一步发展。
