Tennessee Department of Health , Nashville, Tennessee.
Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2018 Jan;15(1):11-15. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2388.
Understanding the epidemiology of foodborne disease outbreaks (FBDOs) is important for informing investigation, control, and prevention methods. We examined annual summary FBDO data in the United States from 1938 to 2015, to help understand the epidemiology of outbreaks over time. Due to changes in reporting procedures, before 1998, the mean number of annual outbreaks was 378, and after that, it was 1062. A mean of 42% had a known etiology during 1961-1998; since then the etiology has been identified in ∼65%, with a marked increase in the number of norovirus outbreaks. From 1967 to 1997, a mean of 41% of FBDOs occurred in restaurant settings, increasing to 60% in 1998-2015. Concurrently, the proportion of outbreaks occurring at a home decreased from 25% to 8%. The mean size of outbreaks has decreased over time, and the number of multistate outbreaks has increased. Many social, economic, environmental, technological, and regulatory changes have dramatically affected the epidemiology of foodborne disease over time.
了解食源性疾病暴发（FBDO）的流行病学情况对于告知调查、控制和预防方法非常重要。我们研究了 1938 年至 2015 年美国年度 FBDO 数据，以帮助了解随时间推移暴发的流行病学情况。由于报告程序的变化，1998 年之前，每年暴发的平均数量为 378 起，之后则为 1062 起。1961-1998 年期间，平均有 42%的暴发有已知病因；此后，病因已确定约占 65%，诺如病毒暴发数量显著增加。从 1967 年到 1997 年，平均有 41%的 FBDO 发生在餐馆环境中，而 1998-2015 年这一比例增加到 60%。同时，在家中发生的暴发比例从 25%下降到 8%。暴发的平均规模随时间缩小，多州暴发的数量增加。许多社会、经济、环境、技术和监管变化都极大地影响了食源性疾病的流行病学情况。
