Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
Curr Microbiol. 2024 Sep 17;81(11):359. doi: 10.1007/s00284-024-03884-6.
Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (hNFs) have high stability, reusability, low production cost, and overcome substrate/product inhibition. Antimicrobial activity of various hNFs has been reported to overcome environmental microbial contaminations and infections, which are considered major public health problems. α-amylase, protease, and lipase are the most common industrial enzymes exerting antimicrobial activity; therefore, we synthesized triple enzyme (α-amylase, protease, and lipase)-embedded hNFs by using pancreatin to evaluate their antimicrobial activity in comparison with one of the most potent antimicrobial polymer chitosan. The broad spectrum of the antimicrobial properties of chitosan is used in industrial products, including cosmetics, food, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and textiles. SEM analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the degree of deacetylation (%DD) were performed for chitosan characterization, where SEM, FTIR, EDX, and XRD analyses were performed for the characterization of hNFs. The catalytic activity of pancreatin and hNFs was evaluated by measuring lipase, α-amylase, and protease enzyme activities at 37 °C. Antibacterial activities of hNFs, pancreatin, and chitosan were tested on gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, compared to the pancreatin and chitosan via agar and broth dilution methods. hNFs showed enhanced catalytic activity for protease, lipase, and α-amylase compared to pancreatin at different pH values (pH 8, 9). hNFs showed catalytic activity after being washed and reused up to six times, indicating their reusability and recoverability. hNFs showed significant antimicrobial activity, such as chitosan, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, compared to pancreatin. Our novel hNFs can be used to develop antimicrobial technologies to fight against environmental microbial contaminations and antibiotic resistance-driven environmental pathogens.
有机-无机杂化纳米花（hNFs）具有高稳定性、可重复使用性、低成本和克服基质/产物抑制等优点。各种 hNFs 的抗菌活性已被报道可克服环境微生物污染和感染，这些被认为是主要的公共卫生问题。α-淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶是最常见的具有抗菌活性的工业酶；因此，我们使用胰酶合成了三酶（α-淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶）嵌入的 hNFs，以评估其与最有效的抗菌聚合物壳聚糖相比的抗菌活性。壳聚糖的广谱抗菌性能用于工业产品，包括化妆品、食品、农业、制药和纺织品。对壳聚糖进行了 SEM 分析、热重分析（TGA）和脱乙酰度（%DD）的测定，对 hNFs 进行了 SEM、FTIR、EDX 和 XRD 分析。在 37°C 下通过测量脂肪酶、α-淀粉酶和蛋白酶的酶活性来评估胰酶和 hNFs 的催化活性。通过琼脂和肉汤稀释法，在革兰氏阳性（金黄色葡萄球菌）和革兰氏阴性（大肠杆菌）细菌上测试了 hNFs、胰酶和壳聚糖的抗菌活性，并与胰酶和壳聚糖进行了比较。与胰酶相比，hNFs 在不同 pH 值（pH 8、9）下显示出增强的蛋白酶、脂肪酶和α-淀粉酶的催化活性。hNFs 在洗涤和重复使用六次后仍保持催化活性，表明其可重复使用和可回收性。hNFs 显示出与壳聚糖相似的显著抗菌活性，如金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌，与胰酶相比。我们的新型 hNFs 可用于开发抗菌技术，以对抗环境微生物污染和抗生素耐药性驱动的环境病原体。
