评价一项指定方案对尝试吸毒的青少年中非法药物戒除的影响。
Evaluation of the effects of a designated program on illegal drug cessation among adolescents who experiment with drugs.
机构信息
Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 162, Section 1, Heping East Road, 10610, Taipei, Taiwan.
Institute of Clinical Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, Taiwan, 11221.
出版信息
Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2018 Jan 16;13(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s13011-017-0139-9.
BACKGROUND
Studies indicate that adolescent-onset drug users experience a greater likelihood of dependence that continues into adulthood. The importance of early intervention was evident in treating adolescents before their substance use progressed. We examined the effectiveness of an intervention program that prevents students who experiment with drugs from reusing them.
METHODS
The study was based on 10 out of 18 invited schools that were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (5 schools, n = 43) or the comparison group (5 schools, n = 41). The intervention group received an E-course program that comprised a main intervention course (12 sessions) and a booster course (2 sessions). By reducing the burden of teaching content during the 14 sessions, the in-class counselor had opportunities for face-to-face discussions with students on their ambivalence toward quitting illegal drugs. The comparison group received the conventional didactic drug prevention course (2 sessions). Outcomes in terms of stress management, refusal skills, pros of drug use, cons of drug use, and drug use resistance self-efficacy were measured via structured questionnaires conducted thrice: at baseline, after the main intervention sessions, and after the booster sessions. A linear mixed model (LMM) was employed to investigate the effects of time and groups on the outcome variables with group, time, and group × time as fixed effects. Subjects and schools were selected as random effects in order to consider both within-subject and within-school correlations.
RESULTS
There was a significant group × time interaction with regard to stress management, refusal skills, pros of drug use, and drug use resistance self-efficacy, excluding cons of drug use. The intervention group displayed better stress management compared to the comparison group after the booster intervention. Similar between-group differences were identified in that the intervention group displayed better refusal skills and drug use resistance self-efficacy compared to that of the comparison group. The intervention group favored using drugs less (a decrease in the pros of drug use score) compared to the comparison group after the booster intervention.
CONCLUSIONS
Our program provided an example of the results of early intervention among students who experiment with illegal drugs.
背景
研究表明，青少年期开始使用毒品的人更有可能成瘾，并持续到成年期。早期干预的重要性在于，在青少年滥用药物之前对其进行治疗。我们研究了一种预防学生再次使用毒品的干预计划的有效性。
方法
这项研究基于 18 所受邀学校中的 10 所，这些学校被随机分为干预组（5 所学校，n=43）和对照组（5 所学校，n=41）。干预组接受了一个 E 课程项目，包括一个主要的干预课程（12 个课程）和一个强化课程（2 个课程）。通过在 14 个课程中减轻教学内容的负担，课堂顾问有机会与学生面对面讨论他们对戒掉非法药物的矛盾心理。对照组接受传统的说教式毒品预防课程（2 个课程）。通过三次进行的结构化问卷，测量了压力管理、拒绝技能、使用毒品的好处、使用毒品的弊端和抵制毒品的自我效能等结果：基线时、主要干预课程结束时和强化课程结束时。采用线性混合模型（LMM），以组、时间和组×时间作为固定效应，研究时间和组对结果变量的影响。为了考虑个体内和校内的相关性，选择个体和学校作为随机效应。
结果
在压力管理、拒绝技能、使用毒品的好处和抵制毒品的自我效能方面，存在显著的组×时间交互作用，但使用毒品的弊端除外。强化干预后，干预组的压力管理优于对照组。干预组在拒绝技能和抵制毒品的自我效能方面优于对照组，这两组之间也存在类似的差异。强化干预后，干预组比对照组更倾向于较少使用毒品（使用毒品的好处评分降低）。
结论
我们的方案为青少年尝试使用非法药物的早期干预结果提供了一个范例。
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