Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, Ashburn, VA 20147;
Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, Ashburn, VA 20147.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Jan 30;115(5):1099-1104. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1716612115. Epub 2018 Jan 16.
Multiple studies have investigated the mechanisms of aggressive behavior in ; however, little is known about the effects of chronic fighting experience. Here, we investigated if repeated fighting encounters would induce an internal state that could affect the expression of subsequent behavior. We trained wild-type males to become winners or losers by repeatedly pairing them with hypoaggressive or hyperaggressive opponents, respectively. As described previously, we observed that chronic losers tend to lose subsequent fights, while chronic winners tend to win them. Olfactory conditioning experiments showed that winning is perceived as rewarding, while losing is perceived as aversive. Moreover, the effect of chronic fighting experience generalized to other behaviors, such as gap-crossing and courtship. We propose that in response to repeatedly winning or losing aggressive encounters, male flies form an internal state that displays persistence and generalization; fight outcomes can also have positive or negative valence. Furthermore, we show that the activities of the PPL1-γ1pedc dopaminergic neuron and the MBON-γ1pedc>α/β mushroom body output neuron are required for aversion to an olfactory cue associated with losing fights.
多项研究已经探讨了 ; 攻击性行为的机制，但对于慢性战斗经验的影响知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了重复的战斗遭遇是否会引起一种内部状态，从而影响后续行为的表达。我们通过反复将野生型雄性与低攻击性或高攻击性的对手配对，分别训练它们成为赢家或输家。如前所述，我们观察到慢性输家往往会输掉后续的战斗，而慢性赢家往往会赢得胜利。嗅觉条件反射实验表明，获胜被视为奖励，而失败被视为厌恶。此外，慢性战斗经验的影响还扩展到其他行为，如穿越缝隙和求爱。我们提出，雄性苍蝇在应对反复的攻击性遭遇时会形成一种内部状态，表现出坚持和泛化；战斗结果也可以具有积极或消极的效价。此外，我们还表明，PPL1-γ1pedc 多巴胺能神经元和 MBON-γ1pedc>α/β 蘑菇体输出神经元的活动对于对与输掉战斗相关的嗅觉线索的厌恶是必需的。
