Gryc Tomáš, Stastny Petr, Zahálka František, Smółka Wojciech, Żmijewski Piotr, Gołaś Artur, Zawartka Marek, Malý Tomáš
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Biomedical Laboratory, Prague, Czech Republic.
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Sport Games, Prague, Czech Republic.
J Hum Kinet. 2017 Dec 28;60:233-241. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0113. eCollection 2017 Dec.
Golfers with disability are limited in the execution of the full golf swing, but their performance in putting may be comparable because this stroke does not demand significant strength, balance and range of motion. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare putting performance, kinetic and kinematic consistency between golfers with different disabilities and healthy athletes. The participants consisted of three disabled athletes (perinatal cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, below knee lower limb amputee) and three healthy golfers (age 34 ± 4.5 years, body height 178 ± 3.3 cm, body mass 83 ± 6.2 kg). The golfers' movements were recorded by active 3D markers for kinematic analyses; the subjects performed 10 trials of a 6 m putting task while standing on separate force platforms placed under each lower limb. Putting performance was measured by the distance of the final ball position to the centre of the hole. ANOVA analyses did not show any differences in clubhead speed and total ball distance from the hole. The consistency of those two parameters expressed by the coefficient of variation (CV) was CV = 0.5% or better in both groups for clubhead speed and ranged from CV = 0.40 to 0.61% in healthy and CV = 0.21 to 0.55% in disabled athletes for total error distance. The main effect ANOVA showed differences in weight shift, hip and shoulder kinematics (p < 0.05) between healthy players and all players with disability. All disabled athletes shifted their weight toward the healthy side (towards the healthy lower limb) and alternated the end of the swing. The player with below knee amputation had the lowest range of motion in the shoulder joint during the putting stroke. The players with perinatal cerebral palsy and multiple sclerosis had the largest range of motion in the hips. Putting performance of disabled golfers was similar to healthy athletes. During training of disabled players, coaches should pay attention to the specificity of a particular disability when focused on putting performance. However, individual technique should achieve the same consistency as observed in healthy players.
残疾高尔夫球手在完整的高尔夫挥杆动作执行上受到限制，但他们在推杆方面的表现可能具有可比性，因为这种击球方式不需要很大的力量、平衡能力和运动范围。因此，本研究的目的是比较不同残疾程度的高尔夫球手与健康运动员在推杆表现、动力学和运动学一致性方面的差异。参与者包括三名残疾运动员（围产期脑瘫、多发性硬化症、膝下截肢）和三名健康高尔夫球手（年龄34±4.5岁，身高178±3.3厘米，体重83±6.2千克）。通过有源3D标记记录高尔夫球手的动作以进行运动学分析；受试者站在分别置于每个下肢下方的测力平台上，进行10次6米推杆任务的试验。推杆表现通过最终球位到球洞中心的距离来衡量。方差分析未显示杆头速度和球到球洞的总距离有任何差异。两组中，杆头速度的变异系数（CV）表示的这两个参数的一致性在两组中均为CV = 0.5%或更好，总误差距离方面，健康运动员的CV范围为0.40至0.61%，残疾运动员的CV范围为0.21至0.55%。主效应方差分析显示，健康球员与所有残疾球员之间在体重转移、髋部和肩部运动学方面存在差异（p < 0.05）。所有残疾运动员都将体重移向健康一侧（朝着健康的下肢），并改变了挥杆的结束方式。膝下截肢的球员在推杆击球过程中肩关节的运动范围最小。围产期脑瘫和多发性硬化症的球员髋部的运动范围最大。残疾高尔夫球手的推杆表现与健康运动员相似。在残疾球员的训练过程中，教练在关注推杆表现时应注意特定残疾的特殊性。然而，个人技术应达到与健康球员相同的一致性。
