Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Psychol Res. 2020 Feb;84(1):81-87. doi: 10.1007/s00426-018-0983-x. Epub 2018 Jan 17.
Research has demonstrated that the human cognitive system allocates attention most efficiently to a stimulus that occurs in synchrony with an established rhythmic background. However, our environment is dynamic and constantly changing. What happens when rhythms to which our cognitive system adapted disappear? We addressed this question using a visual categorization task comprising emotional and neutral faces. The task was split into three blocks of which the first and the last were completed in silence. The second block was accompanied by an acoustic background rhythm that, for one group of participants, was synchronous with face presentations, and for another group was asynchronous. Irrespective of group, performance improved with background stimulation. Importantly, improved performance extended into the third silent block for the synchronous, but not for the asynchronous group. These data suggest that attentional entrainment resulting from rhythmic environmental regularities disintegrates only gradually after the regularities disappear.
研究表明，人类认知系统会将注意力最有效地分配给与既定节奏背景同步出现的刺激。然而，我们的环境是动态且不断变化的。当我们的认知系统适应的节奏消失时会发生什么？我们使用包含情绪和中性面孔的视觉分类任务来解决这个问题。该任务分为三个块，其中前两个和最后一个在安静的环境下完成。第二个块伴随着一个声学背景节奏，对于一组参与者来说，这个节奏与面部呈现是同步的，而对于另一组参与者来说是异步的。无论参与者属于哪一组，在有背景刺激的情况下，他们的表现都会提高。重要的是，对于同步组，这种表现的提高会延伸到第三个安静的块中，而对于异步组则不会。这些数据表明，由于环境规律的节奏而引起的注意力的同步化，只有在规律消失后才会逐渐瓦解。
