Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy with Thoracic Duct Resection Post Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Carcinoma Esophagus-Impact on Lymph Node Yield and Hemodynamic Parameters.

BACKGROUND

Neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery is the current recommended treatment for locally advanced esophageal carcinoma. Thoracic duct (TD) resection was indicated for radical mediastinal lymphadenectomy. However, TD resection can cause hemodynamic disturbances. The presence of metastasis in TD has not been previously studied.

METHODS

Twenty-two patients who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed. Ten patients had their TD resected from thoracic inlet till the esophageal hiatus. Multiple histopathological sections of the TD were examined for evidence of tumor spread. Intraoperative and immediate (48 h) postoperative hemodynamic parameters, lymph node yield, and postoperative morbidity were compared between TD-resected and TD-preserved groups.

RESULTS

The median postoperative day 1 fluid requirement (3310 mL vs. 2875 mL, P = 0.059) and the median postoperative day 2 pulse rate were higher in the TD-resected group (111/min vs. 95/min, P = 0.043). There was no significant difference in the intraoperative fluid infusion, blood loss, urine output, mean blood pressure, pulse rate, postoperative urine output, and mean blood pressure between two groups. Median (range) mediastinal lymph node count was similar in TD-resected and TD-preserved groups [15(11-32) vs. 14(9-31), P = 0.283]. Pathological examination of TD did not reveal tumor cells in any of the patients. There was no significant difference in the postoperative morbidity between two groups except for cervical anastomotic dehiscence (P = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS

Minimally invasive esophagectomy with TD resection causes minor hemodynamic changes in the immediate postoperative period, without adversely affecting the postoperative outcome. In the setting of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, TD resection does not increase lymph node yield.