Eisenbruch Maurice
Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Royal University of Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Cult Med Psychiatry. 2018 Jun;42(2):350-370. doi: 10.1007/s11013-017-9564-5.
Almost one in four women in Cambodia is a victim of physical, emotional or sexual violence. This article brings together two seldom connected fields: Theory of Change (ToC) and cultural responsiveness in international development. It applies these approaches to a priority in global health, which is to prevent violence against women (VAW) and, drawing on my research on the epigenesis of VAW in Cambodia, develops an argument on the need for interventions to work with tradition and culture rather than only highlight it in problematic terms. The research draws on an ethnographic study carried out in Cambodia with 102 perpetrators and survivors of emotional, physical and sexual VAW and 228 key informants from the Buddhist and healing sectors. The eight 'cultural attractors' identified in the author's prior research highlight the cultural barriers to acceptance of the current Theory of Change. ToC for VAW prevention in Cambodia seems to assume that local culture promotes VAW and that men and women must be educated to eradicate the traditional gender norms. There is a need for interventions to work with tradition and culture rather than only highlight it in problematic terms. The cultural epigenesis of VAW in Cambodia is an insight which can be used to build culturally responsive interventions and strengthen the primary prevention of VAW.
在柬埔寨，近四分之一的女性遭受过身体、情感或性暴力。本文将两个鲜有联系的领域结合在一起：变革理论（ToC）和国际发展中的文化响应性。它将这些方法应用于全球卫生领域的一个优先事项，即预防针对妇女的暴力行为（VAW），并借鉴我对柬埔寨VAW表观遗传学的研究，论证了干预措施需要与传统和文化合作，而不仅仅是以有问题的方式突出它。该研究借鉴了在柬埔寨对102名VAW的情感、身体和性暴力的实施者及幸存者，以及来自佛教和康复领域的228名关键信息提供者进行的人种志研究。作者先前研究中确定的八个“文化吸引因素”突出了接受当前变革理论的文化障碍。柬埔寨预防VAW的变革理论似乎假定当地文化助长了VAW，并且必须对男性和女性进行教育，以根除传统的性别规范。需要采取与传统和文化合作的干预措施，而不仅仅是以有问题的方式突出它。柬埔寨VAW的文化表观遗传学是一种见解，可用于构建具有文化响应性的干预措施，并加强VAW的一级预防。
