Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Sherbourne Health Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
BMC Public Health. 2018 Jan 18;18(1):155. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5050-4.
Smoking prevalence is very high among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered and queer (LGBTQ+) youth and young adults (YYA) compared to non-LGBTQ+ YYA. A knowledge gap exists on culturally appropriate and effective prevention and cessation efforts for members of this diverse community, as limited interventions have been developed with and for this population, and there are very few studies determining the impact of these interventions. This study identifies the most salient elements of LGBTQ+ cessation and prevention interventions from the perspective of LGBTQ+ YYA.
Three descriptions of interventions tailored for LGBTQ+ YYA (group cessation counselling, social marketing, and a mobile phone app with social media incorporated), were shared with LGBTQ+ YYA via 24 focus groups with 204 participants in Toronto and Ottawa, Canada. Open-ended questions focused on their feelings, likes and dislikes, and concerns about the culturally modified intervention descriptions. Framework analysis was used to identify overarching themes across all three intervention descriptions.
The data revealed eight overarching themes across all three intervention descriptions. Smoking cessation and prevention interventions should have the following key attributes: 1) be LGBTQ+ - specific; 2) be accessible in terms of location, time, availability, and cost; 3) be inclusive, relatable, and highlight diversity; 4) incorporate LGBTQ+ peer support and counselling services; 5) integrate other activities beyond smoking; 6) be positive, motivational, uplifting, and empowering; 7) provide concrete coping mechanisms; and 8) integrate rewards and incentives.
LGBTQ+ YYA focus group participants expressed a desire for an intervention that can incorporate these key elements. The mobile phone app and social media campaign were noted as potential interventions that could include all the essential elements.
与非 LGBTQ+ 的青年和年轻人相比，LGBTQ+ 青年和年轻人（YYA）中的吸烟率非常高。对于这个多样化的群体，在文化上适当且有效的预防和戒烟措施方面存在知识差距，因为针对这个群体开发的干预措施有限，而且很少有研究确定这些干预措施的影响。本研究从 LGBTQ+ YYA 的角度确定了 LGBTQ+ 戒烟和预防干预措施中最突出的要素。
通过在加拿大多伦多和渥太华的 24 个焦点小组与 204 名参与者分享了针对 LGBTQ+ YYA 的三种干预措施（团体戒烟咨询、社会营销和包含社交媒体的手机应用程序）的描述，这些描述从 LGBTQ+ YYA 的角度进行了调整。开放式问题侧重于他们对文化调整后的干预描述的感受、喜欢和不喜欢以及关注。使用框架分析确定了所有三种干预描述的总体主题。
数据揭示了所有三种干预描述中存在的八个总体主题。戒烟和预防干预措施应具有以下关键属性：1）具有 LGBTQ+ 针对性；2）在地点、时间、可用性和成本方面具有可及性；3）包容、相关并突出多样性；4）纳入 LGBTQ+ 同伴支持和咨询服务；5）整合除吸烟以外的其他活动；6）积极、激励、鼓舞人心和赋权；7）提供具体的应对机制；8）整合奖励和激励措施。
LGBTQ+ YYA 焦点小组参与者表示希望有一种干预措施可以纳入这些关键要素。手机应用程序和社交媒体活动被认为是可能的干预措施，可以包括所有必要的要素。
