Effendi-Ys Rustam
Div. Gastroenterology Hepatology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatera Utara/Adam Malik-Hospital-Pirngadi Hospital Medan.
Acta Med Indones. 2017 Oct;49(4):351-359.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cancer in males, the second in females, and is the second leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. Within Indonesia's 250 million population, the incidence rates for CRC per 100,000 population were 15.2 for males and 10.2 for females, and estimated 63,500 cases per year. More than 50% of colorectal cancer patients will develop metastasis. CRC is still the main cause of tumor-related death, and although most CRC patients are treated with surgery to remove the tumor tissue, some of the CRC patients recurred. Chemotherapy used as adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy also has several problems, in which these treatments are useless in tumor cells with chemo-resistance. Molecular testing of CRC from tumor tissues has important implications for the selection of treatment. Biomarkers can be used as prognostic value, molecular predictive factors, and targeted therapy. Recent research reported that, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered as the origin of tumorigenesis, development, metastasis and recurrence. At present, it has been shown that CSCs existed in many tumors including CRC. This review aims to summarize the issue on CSCs, and the future development of drugs that target colorectal cancer stem cells.
结直肠癌（CRC）是男性中第三常见的癌症，女性中第二常见的癌症，并且是全球癌症相关死亡的第二大主要原因。在印度尼西亚2.5亿人口中，每10万人口的CRC发病率男性为15.2，女性为10.2，估计每年有63500例病例。超过50%的结直肠癌患者会发生转移。CRC仍然是肿瘤相关死亡的主要原因，尽管大多数CRC患者接受手术切除肿瘤组织，但一些CRC患者会复发。用作辅助或新辅助治疗的化疗也有几个问题，其中这些治疗对具有化疗抗性的肿瘤细胞无效。从肿瘤组织对CRC进行分子检测对治疗选择具有重要意义。生物标志物可作为预后价值、分子预测因素和靶向治疗。最近的研究报告称，癌症干细胞（CSCs）被认为是肿瘤发生、发展、转移和复发的起源。目前，已经表明CSCs存在于包括CRC在内的许多肿瘤中。本综述旨在总结关于CSCs的问题以及靶向结直肠癌干细胞的药物的未来发展。
