Weaver Scott R, Jazwa Amelia, Popova Lucy, Slovic Paul, Rothenberg Richard B, Eriksen Michael P
Georgia State University, United States.
Decision Research and University of Oregon, United States.
SSM Popul Health. 2017 Sep 29;3:787-794. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.09.003. eCollection 2017 Dec.
Public health agencies, the news media, and the tobacco/vapor industry have issued contradictory statements about the health effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). We investigated the levels of trust that consumers place in different information sources and how trust is associated with cultural worldviews, risk perceptions, ENDS use, and sociodemographic characteristics using a nationally representative sample of 6051 U.S. adults in 2015. Seventeen percent of adults were uncertain about their trust for one or more potential sources. Among the rest, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), health experts, and the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) elicited the highest levels of trust. In contrast, tobacco and vapor manufacturers, vape shop employees, and, to a lesser extent, the news media were distrusted. Adults who had higher incomes and more education or espoused egalitarian and communitarian worldviews expressed more trust in health sources and the FDA, whereas those identifying as non-Hispanic Black or multiracial reported less trust. Current smokers, those who identified as non-Hispanic Black or other race, had lower incomes, and espoused hierarchy and individualism worldviews expressed less distrust toward the tobacco and vapor industry. Greater trust (or less distrust) toward the tobacco and vapor industry and an individualism worldview were associated with perceptions of lower risk of premature death from daily ENDS use, greater uncertainty about those risks, and greater odds of using ENDS. Public health and the FDA should consider consumer trust and worldviews in the design and regulation of public education campaigns regarding the potential health risks and benefits of ENDS.
公共卫生机构、新闻媒体以及烟草/电子烟行业就电子尼古丁传送系统（ENDS）对健康的影响发布了相互矛盾的声明。我们利用2015年对6051名美国成年人进行的具有全国代表性的样本，调查了消费者对不同信息来源的信任程度，以及信任与文化世界观、风险认知、ENDS使用情况和社会人口特征之间是如何关联的。17%的成年人对一个或多个潜在信息来源的信任度不确定。在其余人群中，疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）、健康专家以及食品药品监督管理局（FDA）获得了最高的信任度。相比之下，烟草和电子烟制造商、电子烟商店员工，以及在较小程度上新闻媒体则不受信任。收入较高、受教育程度较高或秉持平等主义和社群主义世界观的成年人对健康信息来源和FDA表达了更多信任，而那些认定自己为非西班牙裔黑人或多种族的人报告的信任度较低。当前吸烟者，那些认定自己为非西班牙裔黑人或其他种族、收入较低且秉持等级制度和个人主义世界观的人，对烟草和电子烟行业表达的不信任较少。对烟草和电子烟行业的更多信任（或更少不信任）以及个人主义世界观与认为日常使用ENDS导致过早死亡的风险较低、对这些风险的更大不确定性以及使用ENDS的更高几率相关。公共卫生部门和FDA在设计和监管关于ENDS潜在健康风险和益处的公众教育活动时，应考虑消费者的信任和世界观。
