Winkler Megan R, Mason Susan, Laska Melissa N, Christoph Mary J, Neumark-Sztainer Dianne
Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
SSM Popul Health. 2017 Dec 20;4:135-143. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.12.003. eCollection 2018 Apr.
The last century has seen dramatic shifts in population work circumstances, leading to an increasing normalization of non-standard work schedules (NSWSs), defined as non-daytime, irregular hours. An ever-growing body of evidence links NSWSs to a host of non-communicable chronic conditions; yet, these associations primarily concentrate on the physiologic mechanisms created by circadian disruption and insufficient sleep. While important, not all NSWSs create such chronobiologic disruption, and other aspects of working time and synchronization could be important to the relationships between work schedules and chronic disease. Leveraging survey data from Project EAT, a population-based study with health-related behavioral and psychological data from U.S. adults aged 25-36 years, this study explored the risks for a broad range of less healthful behavioral and well-being outcomes among NSWS workers compared to standard schedule workers (n = 1402). Variations across different NSWSs (evening, night/rotating, and irregular schedules) were also explored. Results indicated that, relative to standard schedule workers, workers with NSWSs are at increased risk for non-optimal sleep, substance use, greater recreational screen time, worse dietary practices, obesity, and depression. There was minimal evidence to support differences in relative risks across workers with different types of NSWSs. The findings provide insight into the potential links between NSWSs and chronic disease and indicate the relevancy social disruption and daily health practices may play in the production of health and well-being outcomes among working populations.
上世纪，人们的工作环境发生了巨大变化，导致非标准工作时间表（NSWSs）日益常态化，非标准工作时间表被定义为非白天、不规律的工作时间。越来越多的证据将非标准工作时间表与一系列非传染性慢性病联系起来；然而，这些关联主要集中在昼夜节律紊乱和睡眠不足所产生的生理机制上。虽然这很重要，但并非所有非标准工作时间表都会造成这种生物钟紊乱，工作时间和同步性的其他方面可能对工作时间表与慢性病之间的关系也很重要。本研究利用“吃得健康”项目（Project EAT）的调查数据，这是一项基于人群的研究，收集了25至36岁美国成年人与健康相关的行为和心理数据，探讨了非标准工作时间表的工作人员与标准工作时间表的工作人员（n = 1402）相比，出现一系列不利于健康的行为和健康状况的风险。研究还探讨了不同类型非标准工作时间表（晚班、夜班/轮班和不规律时间表）之间的差异。结果表明，与标准工作时间表的工作人员相比，非标准工作时间表的工作人员出现睡眠不佳、药物使用、娱乐屏幕时间过长、饮食习惯不良、肥胖和抑郁的风险更高。几乎没有证据支持不同类型非标准工作时间表的工作人员在相对风险上存在差异。这些发现为非标准工作时间表与慢性病之间的潜在联系提供了见解，并表明社会干扰和日常健康行为可能在工作人群的健康和幸福状况产生过程中发挥作用。
