a Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science , Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases Konkuk University , Chungju , Republic of Korea.
c Nanotechnology research center, College of Biomedical and Health Science , Konkuk University , Chungju , Republic of Korea.
Drug Deliv. 2018 Nov;25(1):307-320. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1428243.
In recent years, the incidental rate of neurodegenerative disorders has increased proportionately with the aging population. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most commonly reported neurodegenerative disorders, and it is estimated to increase by roughly 30% among the aged population. In spite of screening numerous drug candidates against various molecular targets of AD, only a few candidates - such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are currently utilized as an effective clinical therapy. However, targeted drug delivery of these drugs to the central nervous system (CNS) exhibits several limitations including meager solubility, low bioavailability, and reduced efficiency due to the impediments of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Current advances in nanotechnology present opportunities to overcome such limitations in delivering active drug candidates. Nanodrug delivery systems are promising in targeting several therapeutic moieties by easing the penetration of drug molecules across the CNS and improving their bioavailability. Recently, a wide range of nano-carriers, such as polymers, emulsions, lipo-carriers, solid lipid carriers, carbon nanotubes, metal based carriers etc., have been adapted to develop successful therapeutics with sustained release and improved efficacy. Here, we discuss few recently updated nano-drug delivery applications that have been adapted in the field of AD therapeutics, and future prospects on potential molecular targets for nano-drug delivery systems.
近年来，随着人口老龄化，神经退行性疾病的发病率呈比例增加。阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的神经退行性疾病之一，据估计，老年人群中 AD 的发病率约增加 30%。尽管针对 AD 的各种分子靶点筛选了众多药物候选物，但目前仅少数候选物（如乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂）被用作有效的临床治疗方法。然而，这些药物向中枢神经系统（CNS）的靶向药物递送存在多种局限性，包括溶解度低、生物利用度低以及由于血脑屏障（BBB）的阻碍而导致效率降低。纳米技术的最新进展为克服这些限制提供了机会，有助于将候选活性药物递送到 CNS 中。纳米药物递送系统通过减轻药物分子穿过 CNS 的渗透并提高其生物利用度，在靶向多种治疗性分子方面具有广阔的应用前景。最近，已经采用了广泛的纳米载体，如聚合物、乳液、脂质体、固体脂质载体、碳纳米管、基于金属的载体等，以开发具有持续释放和提高疗效的成功疗法。在这里，我们讨论了一些最近更新的纳米药物递送应用，这些应用已经适用于 AD 治疗领域，并探讨了纳米药物递送系统的潜在分子靶点的未来前景。
