Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Cancer Lett. 2018 Apr 10;419:128-138. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.043. Epub 2018 Jan 17.
Genetic variations and differential expression of miRNA regulome components are associated with cancer. Thus miRNA based diagnosis and treatments have been proposed. However, to better explore these options, the molecular changes in miRNA regulome must be understood. MicroRNAs can be involved in regulation of oncogenes and tumour suppressors. As each miRNA targets broad range of genes, minor changes in miRNAs can have great effects, contributing to cell transformation. Many genetic variants of miRNA regulome have been reported to be associated with cancer, but this information needs to be systematized. Therefore, we here classify different types of genetic variations of miRNA regulome in cancer. Genetic variations are comprised of structural and short polymorphisms and changes in epigenetic landscape. Additionally, unexplained differential expression is often reported. These alterations affect miRNA genes and their regulatory elements, processing machinery, degradation machinery, and targets, leading to changes in miRNA silencing. However, miRNA regulome components are not equally explored. A systematic overview over miRNA regulome can contribute to more targeted study design and understanding of miRNA function. We also present treatments and diagnosis based on miRNA regulome genetic variability and expression.
遗传变异和 miRNA 调控元件的差异表达与癌症有关。因此，已经提出了基于 miRNA 的诊断和治疗方法。然而，为了更好地探索这些选择，必须了解 miRNA 调控元件的分子变化。miRNA 可以参与癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因的调控。由于每个 miRNA 都可以靶向广泛的基因，miRNA 的微小变化可能会产生巨大的影响，导致细胞转化。已经报道了许多 miRNA 调控元件的遗传变异与癌症有关，但这些信息需要系统化。因此，我们在这里对癌症中 miRNA 调控元件的不同类型的遗传变异进行分类。遗传变异包括结构和短多态性以及表观遗传景观的变化。此外，经常报道无法解释的差异表达。这些改变影响 miRNA 基因及其调控元件、加工机制、降解机制和靶标，导致 miRNA 沉默的改变。然而，miRNA 调控元件并没有被同等地探索。对 miRNA 调控元件的系统概述可以有助于更有针对性的研究设计和 miRNA 功能的理解。我们还提出了基于 miRNA 调控元件遗传变异性和表达的治疗和诊断方法。
