Chen Tzu-Yi, Mihalopoulos Meredith, Zuluaga Laura, Rich Jordan, Ganta Teja, Mehrazin Reza, Tsao Che-Kai, Tewari Ash, Gonzalez-Kozlova Edgar, Badani Ketan, Dogra Navneet, Kyprianou Natasha
Department of Pathology & Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Sep 28;24(19):14713. doi: 10.3390/ijms241914713.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs)-including apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes-are released by almost all cell types and contain molecular footprints from their cell of origin, including lipids, proteins, metabolites, RNA, and DNA. They have been successfully isolated from blood, urine, semen, and other body fluids. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the predictive value of EVs in prostate and renal cancer. We also describe the findings supporting the use of EVs from liquid biopsies in stratifying high-risk prostate/kidney cancer and advanced disease, such as castration-resistant (CRPC) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) as well as metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Assays based on EVs isolated from urine and blood have the potential to serve as highly sensitive diagnostic studies as well as predictive measures of tumor recurrence in patients with prostate and renal cancers. Overall, we discuss the biogenesis, isolation, liquid-biopsy, and therapeutic applications of EVs in CRPC, NEPC, and RCC.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）——包括凋亡小体、微泡和外泌体——几乎由所有细胞类型释放，并包含来自其起源细胞的分子印记，包括脂质、蛋白质、代谢物、RNA和DNA。它们已成功从血液、尿液、精液和其他体液中分离出来。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了目前对EVs在前列腺癌和肾癌中的预测价值的理解。我们还描述了支持使用液体活检中的EVs对高危前列腺癌/肾癌和晚期疾病进行分层的研究结果，如去势抵抗性（CRPC）和神经内分泌前列腺癌（NEPC）以及转移性肾细胞癌（RCC）。基于从尿液和血液中分离出的EVs的检测方法有潜力作为高度敏感的诊断研究以及前列腺癌和肾癌患者肿瘤复发的预测指标。总体而言，我们讨论了EVs在CRPC、NEPC和RCC中的生物发生、分离、液体活检及治疗应用。
