Departments of Psychology and Women's Studies, University of Michigan.
Department of Psychology, University of Oregon.
Am Psychol. 2018 Apr;73(3):256-268. doi: 10.1037/amp0000186. Epub 2018 Jan 22.
Sexual assault is a widespread problem on college campuses. In response, many institutions are developing policies mandating that certain employees report any student disclosure of sexual assault to university officials (and, in some cases, to police), with or without the survivor's consent. These policies, conceptualized here as , have been prompted and shaped by federal law and guidance, including Title IX and The Clery Act. Proponents of compelled disclosure assert that it will increase reports-enabling universities to investigate and remedy more cases of sexual assault-and will benefit sexual assault survivors, university employees, and the institution. However, many questions remain unanswered. How broad (or narrowly tailored) are contemporary compelled disclosure mandates in higher education? Do any empirical data support assumptions about the benefits of these policies? Are there alternative approaches that should be considered, to provide rapid and appropriate responses to sexual violence while minimizing harm to students? The current article begins with an overview of federal law and guidance around compelled disclosure. Next, a content analysis of a stratified random sample of 150 university policies provides evidence that the great majority require most, if not all, employees to report student sexual assault disclosures. A review of the literature then suggests that these policies have been implemented despite limited evidence to support assumptions regarding their benefits and effectiveness. In fact, some findings suggest negative consequences for survivors, employees, and institutions. The article concludes with a call for survivor-centered reforms in institutional policies and practices surrounding sexual assault. (PsycINFO Database Record
性侵犯是大学校园中普遍存在的问题。作为回应，许多机构正在制定政策，要求某些员工向大学官员（在某些情况下，向警察）报告任何学生披露的性侵犯事件，无论幸存者是否同意。这些政策，在这里被概念化为，是由联邦法律和指导方针推动和形成的，包括 Title IX 和 The Clery Act。强制披露的支持者声称，这将增加报告的数量——使大学能够调查和解决更多的性侵犯案件——并将使性侵犯幸存者、大学员工和机构受益。然而，仍有许多问题没有答案。当代高等教育中强制披露的要求有多广泛（或针对性有多强）？有任何实证数据支持这些政策的好处的假设吗？是否应该考虑其他替代方法，以便在对学生伤害最小的情况下，迅速而恰当地应对性暴力？本文首先概述了联邦法律和指导方针围绕强制披露的情况。接下来，对 150 所大学政策的分层随机样本进行内容分析，提供了证据表明，绝大多数政策要求大多数（如果不是全部）员工报告学生性侵犯披露事件。然后，对文献的回顾表明，尽管没有证据支持这些政策在效益和有效性方面的假设，但这些政策仍在实施。事实上，一些发现表明这些政策对幸存者、员工和机构都有负面影响。文章最后呼吁在机构的性侵犯政策和实践中进行以幸存者为中心的改革。
