Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Orebro, Sweden.
Exp Dermatol. 2018 May;27(5):476-483. doi: 10.1111/exd.13498. Epub 2018 Feb 19.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of increasing prevalence, especially in industrialized countries. Roughly 25% of the children and 1%-3% of adults are affected. Although significant progress has been made in the understanding of the pathogenesis of AD, many aspects remain poorly understood. Moreover, there is a pressing need for improved therapeutic options. Studies to elucidate the pathophysiological pathways of AD and to identify novel therapeutic targets over the last few decades have been conducted almost exclusively in animal models. However, in vitro approaches such as 3D skin disease models have recently emerged due to an increasing awareness of distinct interspecies-related differences that hamper the effective translation of results from animal models to humans. In addition, there is growing political and social pressure to develop alternatives to animal models according to the 3Rs principle (reduction, refinement and replacement of animal models).
特应性皮炎（AD）是一种患病率日益增加的慢性炎症性皮肤病，尤其在工业化国家。大约 25%的儿童和 1%-3%的成年人受到影响。尽管在 AD 的发病机制方面已经取得了重大进展，但许多方面仍知之甚少。此外，迫切需要改进治疗选择。在过去几十年中，为了阐明 AD 的病理生理途径并确定新的治疗靶点，已经在动物模型中进行了研究。然而，由于越来越意识到不同物种之间的差异会阻碍将动物模型的结果有效转化为人类，因此最近出现了体外方法，如 3D 皮肤疾病模型。此外，根据 3R 原则（减少、优化和替代动物模型），开发动物模型替代品的政治和社会压力也在不断增加。
