Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology.
Working group ALMA, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
ALTEX. 2019;36(2):177-202. doi: 10.14573/altex.1808022. Epub 2018 Nov 19.
Despite widely used for basic and preclinical studies in dermatology, available animal models only partly recapitulate human skin features often leading to disappointing outputs when preclinical results are translated to the clinic. Therefore, the need to develop alternative, non-animal models is widely recognized to more closely recapitulate human skin pathophysiology and to address the pressing ethical demand of reducing the number of animals used for research purposes, following the globally accepted 3Rs principle (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement). Skin is the outermost organ of the body, and, as such, easily accessible. Different skin cell types can be propagated in vitro and skin can be reconstructed for therapeutic transplantation as well as for in vitro modeling of physiopathological conditions. Bioengineered skin substitutes have been developed and evolved from elementary to complex systems, more and more closely resembling complete skin architecture and biological responses. In silico analyses take advantage from the huge amount of data already available from human studies for identifying and modeling molecular pathways involved in skin pathophysiology without further animal testing. The present review recapitulates the available non-animal models for dermatological research and sheds lights on their prospective technological evolution.
尽管在皮肤科的基础和临床前研究中广泛应用，但现有的动物模型仅部分重现了人类皮肤的特征，因此，当临床前结果转化为临床时，往往会得出令人失望的结果。因此，广泛认识到需要开发替代的非动物模型，以更紧密地重现人类皮肤的病理生理学，并根据全球公认的 3R 原则（替代、减少和优化）来满足减少用于研究目的的动物数量的紧迫伦理要求。皮肤是身体的最外层器官，因此很容易接近。不同的皮肤细胞类型可以在体外繁殖，皮肤可以进行重建用于治疗性移植以及用于生理病理条件的体外建模。生物工程皮肤替代物已经从简单的系统发展到复杂的系统，越来越接近完整的皮肤结构和生物学反应。基于计算机的分析利用了已经从人体研究中获得的大量数据，用于鉴定和模拟参与皮肤病理生理学的分子途径，而无需进一步的动物测试。本综述总结了现有的皮肤科研究非动物模型，并探讨了它们的预期技术发展。
