MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK.
Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Nat Microbiol. 2018 Feb;3(2):132-140. doi: 10.1038/s41564-017-0095-1. Epub 2018 Jan 22.
The development of innovative high-throughput genomics and metabolomics technologies has considerably expanded our understanding of the commensal microorganisms residing within the human body, collectively termed the microbiota. In recent years, the microbiota has been reported to have important roles in multiple aspects of human health, pathology and host-pathogen interactions. One function of commensals that has attracted particular interest is their role in protection against pathogens and pathobionts, a concept known as colonization resistance. However, pathogens are also able to sense and exploit the microbiota during infection. Therefore, obtaining a holistic understanding of colonization resistance mechanisms is essential for the development of microbiome-based and microbiome-targeting therapies for humans and animals. Achieving this is dependent on utilizing physiologically relevant animal models. In this Perspective, we discuss the colonization resistance functions of the gut microbiota and sieve through the advantages and limitations of murine models commonly used to study such mechanisms within the context of enteric bacterial infection.
创新性高通量基因组学和代谢组学技术的发展极大地扩展了我们对人体共生微生物的理解，这些微生物统称为微生物组。近年来，微生物组被报道在人类健康、病理学和宿主-病原体相互作用的多个方面具有重要作用。共生体的一个引起特别关注的功能是它们在抵御病原体和条件致病菌方面的作用，这一概念称为定植抵抗力。然而，病原体在感染过程中也能够感知和利用微生物组。因此，全面了解定植抵抗力机制对于开发针对人和动物的基于微生物组和针对微生物组的治疗方法至关重要。实现这一目标依赖于利用生理相关的动物模型。在本观点中，我们讨论了肠道微生物组的定植抵抗力功能，并通过筛选常用的研究肠道细菌感染中此类机制的鼠模型的优缺点进行了讨论。
