Pierre Ophelie, Misery Laurent, Talagas Matthieu, Le Garrec Raphaele
Laboratory of Interactions Keratinocytes-Neurons, University of Western Brittany, 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200 Brest, France.
Laboratory of Interactions Keratinocytes-Neurons, University of Western Brittany, 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200 Brest, France; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest, 2 Avenue Foch, 29200 Brest, France.
Toxicon. 2018 Jul;149:6-19. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.01.002. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
Ciguatoxins (CTXs) and brevetoxins (PbTxs) are phycotoxins that can accumulate along the marine food chain and thus cause seafood poisoning in humans, namely "ciguatera fish poisoning" (CFP) and "neurotoxic shellfish poisoning" (NSP), respectively. CFP is characterized by early gastrointestinal symptoms and typical sensory disorders (paraesthesia, pain, pruritus and cold dysaesthesia), which can persist several weeks and, in some cases, several months or years. NSP is considered a mild form of CFP with similar but less severe symptoms. After inhaled exposure, PbTxs can also cause respiratory tract irritation in healthy subjects and asthma exacerbations in predisposed subjects, whose respiratory functions may be disrupted for several days following PbTx inhalation. Mechanistically, it is well established that CTX- or PbTx-induced disturbances are primarily mainly due to voltage-gated sodium channel activation in sensory and motor peripheral nervous system. However, little is known about the pathophysiology or a potential individual susceptibility to long lasting effects of CFP/NSP. In addition to their action on the nervous system, PbTxs and CTXs were also shown to exert effects on the immune system. However, their role in the pathophysiology of syndromes induced by CTX or PbTx exposure is poorly documented. The aim of this review is to inventory the literature thus far on the inflammatory and immune effects of PbTxs and CTXs.
雪卡毒素（CTXs）和短裸甲藻毒素（PbTxs）是藻毒素，可在海洋食物链中蓄积，从而导致人类食用海产品中毒，分别称为“雪卡鱼中毒”（CFP）和“神经性贝类中毒”（NSP）。CFP的特征是早期出现胃肠道症状和典型的感觉障碍（感觉异常、疼痛、瘙痒和冷觉异常），这些症状可持续数周，在某些情况下可持续数月或数年。NSP被认为是CFP的一种较轻形式，症状相似但较轻。吸入接触后，PbTxs还可导致健康受试者出现呼吸道刺激，使易感受试者哮喘加重，吸入PbTxs后其呼吸功能可能会受到数天的干扰。从机制上讲，众所周知，CTX或PbTx引起的紊乱主要是由于感觉和运动外周神经系统中的电压门控钠通道激活。然而，关于CFP/NSP的病理生理学或对其长期影响的潜在个体易感性知之甚少。除了对神经系统的作用外，PbTxs和CTXs还被证明对免疫系统有影响。然而，它们在CTX或PbTx暴露引起的综合征病理生理学中的作用文献记载很少。本综述的目的是梳理迄今为止关于PbTxs和CTXs的炎症和免疫作用的文献。
