Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Jan 23;15(2):178. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15020178.
Nowadays, air pollution is a severe environmental problem in China. To investigate the effects of ambient air pollution on health, a time series analysis of daily outpatient and inpatient visits in 2015 were conducted in Shenzhen (China). Generalized additive model was employed to analyze associations between six air pollutants (namely SO₂, CO, NO₂, O₃, PM, and PM) and daily outpatient and inpatient visits after adjusting confounding meteorological factors, time and day of the week effects. Significant associations between air pollutants and two types of hospital visits were observed. The estimated increase in overall outpatient visits associated with each 10 µg/m³ increase in air pollutant concentration ranged from 0.48% (O₃ at lag 2) to 11.48% (SO₂ with 2-day moving average); for overall inpatient visits ranged from 0.73% (O₃ at lag 7) to 17.13% (SO₂ with 8-day moving average). Our results also suggested a heterogeneity of the health effects across different outcomes and in different populations. The findings in present study indicate that even in Shenzhen, a less polluted area in China, significant associations exist between air pollution and daily number of overall outpatient and inpatient visits.
如今，空气污染是中国面临的一个严重环境问题。为了研究大气污染对健康的影响，本研究对 2015 年深圳市的门诊和住院患者日就诊量进行了时间序列分析。采用广义相加模型，在调整混杂气象因素、时间和星期几效应后，分析了六种空气污染物（SO₂、CO、NO₂、O₃、PM 和 PM）与每日门诊和住院就诊量之间的关联。结果显示，空气污染物与两种类型的医院就诊量之间存在显著关联。与每增加 10μg/m³空气污染物浓度相关的总门诊就诊量估计增加范围为 0.48%（O₃在滞后 2 天）至 11.48%（SO₂在 2 天移动平均）；总住院就诊量估计增加范围为 0.73%（O₃在滞后 7 天）至 17.13%（SO₂在 8 天移动平均）。我们的研究结果还表明，不同的健康结果和不同的人群之间存在健康效应的异质性。本研究结果表明，即使在深圳这样一个污染较轻的地区，空气污染与每日总门诊和住院就诊人数之间也存在显著关联。
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