Rahne Torsten, Köppke Robert, Nehring Michael, Plontke Stefan K, Fischer Hans-Georg
University Hospital Halle (Saale), Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
Air Force Centre of Aerospace Medicine, Aviation Physiology Training Centre, Königsbrück, Germany.
PLoS One. 2018 Jan 25;13(1):e0190837. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190837. eCollection 2018.
Multidimensional food perception is based mainly on gustatory and olfactory function. Recent research has demonstrated that hypobaric pressure impairs gustatory function and that background noise or distracting auditory stimulation impairs olfactory function. Using a hypobaric chamber, the odor identification, discrimination, and thresholds as well as taste identification and threshold scores were measured in 16 healthy male volunteers under normal and hypobaric (6380 ft) conditions using clinically validated tests. In both conditions, background noise was either canceled out or replaced by white noise presentation (70 dB sound pressure level). Olfactory sensitivity for n-butanol and gustatory sensitivity were impaired in a hypobaric atmosphere. White noise did not influence the odor test results. White noise stimulation impaired sensitivity for sour and sweet but not for bitter or salty tastants. We conclude that hypobaric or noisy environments could impair gustatory and olfactory sensitivity selectively for particular tastants and odorants.
多维食物感知主要基于味觉和嗅觉功能。最近的研究表明，低压会损害味觉功能，背景噪音或分散注意力的听觉刺激会损害嗅觉功能。使用低压舱，在正常和低压（6380英尺）条件下，对16名健康男性志愿者进行临床验证测试，测量其气味识别、辨别和阈值以及味觉识别和阈值分数。在两种条件下，背景噪音要么被消除，要么被白噪声呈现（声压级70分贝）所取代。在低压环境中，对正丁醇的嗅觉敏感性和味觉敏感性受损。白噪声不影响气味测试结果。白噪声刺激会损害对酸味和甜味的敏感性，但不会损害对苦味或咸味味觉剂的敏感性。我们得出结论，低压或嘈杂环境可能会选择性地损害对特定味觉剂和气味剂的味觉和嗅觉敏感性。
