Omidvar Shabnam, Faramarzi Mahbobeh, Hajian-Tilak Karimollah, Nasiri Amiri Fatemeh
Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
PLoS One. 2018 Jan 25;13(1):e0191723. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191723. eCollection 2018.
Healthy behaviors in pregnant women have a major effect on pregnancy outcomes; however, only few studies have explored the relationship of multiple psychosocial factors with healthy lifestyles during pregnancy. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the five psychosocial factors of anxiety, stress, depression, marital dissatisfaction, and social support are associated with six domains of healthy lifestyles in pregnant women, including nutrition, physical activity, health responsibility, stress management, interpersonal relationships, and self-actualization. In this cross-sectional study, 445 pregnant women from the obstetrics clinics of the teaching hospitals of Babol University of Medical Sciences were included. The subjects answered six questionnaires, including the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile, Beck Depression Inventory, Prenatal Distress Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Social Support Questionnaire, and Marital Satisfaction Scale. We developed a series of simple linear regression models based on each subscale of lifestyle (nutrition, physical activity, health responsibility, stress management, interpersonal relationships, and self-actualization) as the dependent variables and the five psychological variables (anxiety, stress, depression, marital dissatisfaction, and social support) as the independent variables. State and trait anxieties were the strongest negative predictors of all aspects of a healthy lifestyle. Furthermore, depression was negatively associated with all of the six subscales of a healthy lifestyle. Pregnancy-specific stress was the only negative predictor of stress management and self-actualization. Marital dissatisfaction was negatively associated with nutrition, stress management, health responsibility, and self-actualization. Social support had negative and positive associations with healthy behaviors. The study suggests that more attention should be paid to identifying the psychological risk factors in pregnancy in addition to providing suitable interventions for improving the lifestyle of pregnant women.
孕妇的健康行为对妊娠结局有重大影响；然而，只有少数研究探讨了多种社会心理因素与孕期健康生活方式之间的关系。本研究的目的是调查焦虑、压力、抑郁、婚姻不满和社会支持这五个社会心理因素是否与孕妇健康生活方式的六个领域相关，包括营养、身体活动、健康责任、压力管理、人际关系和自我实现。在这项横断面研究中，纳入了来自巴博尔医科大学教学医院产科门诊的445名孕妇。研究对象回答了六份问卷，包括健康促进生活方式量表、贝克抑郁量表、产前困扰问卷、状态-特质焦虑量表、社会支持问卷和婚姻满意度量表。我们基于生活方式的每个子量表（营养、身体活动、健康责任、压力管理、人际关系和自我实现）作为因变量，以及五个心理变量（焦虑、压力、抑郁、婚姻不满和社会支持）作为自变量，建立了一系列简单线性回归模型。状态焦虑和特质焦虑是健康生活方式各个方面最强的负向预测因素。此外，抑郁与健康生活方式的所有六个子量表均呈负相关。孕期特定压力是压力管理和自我实现的唯一负向预测因素。婚姻不满与营养、压力管理、健康责任和自我实现呈负相关。社会支持与健康行为有负向和正向关联。该研究表明，除了为改善孕妇生活方式提供适当干预措施外，还应更加关注识别孕期的心理风险因素。
