Dewi Intan M W, van de Veerdonk Frank L, Gresnigt Mark S
Department of Experimental Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Eijkman No. 38, Bandung 40161, Indonesia.
J Fungi (Basel). 2017 Oct 4;3(4):55. doi: 10.3390/jof3040055.
The ubiquitous opportunistic fungal pathogen rarely causes infections in immunocompetent individuals. A healthy functional innate immune system plays a crucial role in preventing -infection. This pivotal role for the innate immune system makes it a main research focus in studying the pathogenesis of aspergillosis. Although sometimes overshadowed by the innate immune response, the adaptive immune response, and in particular T-helper responses, also represents a key player in host defense against . Virtually all T-helper subsets have been described to play a role during aspergillosis, with the Th1 response being crucial for fungal clearance. However; morbidity and mortality of aspergillosis can also be partly attributed to detrimental immune responses resulting from adaptive immune activation. Th2 responses benefit fungal persistence; and are the foundation of allergic forms of aspergillosis. The Th17 response has two sides; although crucial for granulocyte recruitment, it can be involved in detrimental immunopathology. Regulatory T-cells, the endogenous regulators of inflammatory responses, play a key role in controlling detrimental inflammatory responses during aspergillosis. The current knowledge of the adaptive immune response against is summarized in this review. A better understanding on how T-helper responses facilitate clearance of -infection and control inflammation can be the fundamental basis for understanding the pathogenesis of aspergillosis and for the development of novel host-directed therapies.
这种无处不在的机会性真菌病原体在免疫功能正常的个体中很少引起感染。健康且功能正常的固有免疫系统在预防感染方面起着关键作用。固有免疫系统的这一关键作用使其成为研究曲霉病发病机制的主要研究重点。尽管有时会被固有免疫反应所掩盖，但适应性免疫反应，尤其是辅助性T细胞反应，在宿主抵御曲霉感染中也起着关键作用。几乎所有辅助性T细胞亚群在曲霉病发病过程中都发挥作用，其中Th1反应对真菌清除至关重要。然而，曲霉病的发病率和死亡率也部分归因于适应性免疫激活导致的有害免疫反应。Th2反应有利于真菌持续存在，是曲霉病过敏形式的基础。Th17反应具有两面性，虽然对粒细胞募集至关重要，但也可能参与有害的免疫病理学过程。调节性T细胞作为炎症反应的内源性调节因子，在控制曲霉病发病过程中的有害炎症反应方面起着关键作用。本综述总结了目前关于针对曲霉的适应性免疫反应的知识。更好地理解辅助性T细胞反应如何促进曲霉感染的清除和控制炎症，可能是理解曲霉病发病机制以及开发新型宿主导向疗法的根本基础。
