Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Curr Opin Lipidol. 2018 Apr;29(2):110-115. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000492.
Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (LPAATs)/acylglycerophosphate acyltransferases (AGPATs) are a homologous group of enzymes that all catalyze the de novo formation of phosphatidic acid from lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and a fatty acyl-CoA. This review seeks to resolve the apparent redundancy of LPAATs through examination of recent literature.
Recent molecular studies suggest that individual LPAAT homologues produce functionally distinct pools of phosphatidic acid, whereas gene ablation studies demonstrate unique roles despite a similar biochemical function. Loss of the individual enzymes not only causes diverse effects on down-stream lipid metabolism, which can vary even for a single enzyme from one tissue to the next, but also results in a wide array of physiological consequences, ranging from cognitive impairment, to lipodystrophy, to embryonic lethality.
LPAATs are critical mediators of cell membrane phospholipid synthesis, regulating the production of specific down-stream glycerophospholipid species through generation of distinct pools of phosphatidic acid that feed into dedicated biosynthetic pathways. Loss of any specific LPAAT can lead to alterations in cellular and organellar membrane phospholipid composition that can vary for a single enzyme in different tissues, with unique pathophysiological implications.
溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶（LPAATs）/酰基甘油磷酸酰基转移酶（AGPATs）是一组同源酶，都能催化从溶血磷脂酸（LPA）和脂肪酸辅酶 A 从头合成磷脂酸。本文通过对近期文献的研究，试图解决 LPAAT 明显的冗余问题。
最近的分子研究表明，单个 LPAAT 同系物产生功能不同的磷脂酸池，而基因敲除研究表明，尽管具有相似的生化功能，但它们具有独特的作用。单个酶的缺失不仅对下游脂质代谢产生不同的影响，即使对于来自同一组织的单个酶，这种影响也可能不同，而且还会导致广泛的生理后果，从认知障碍到脂肪营养不良，再到胚胎致死。
LPAAT 是细胞膜磷脂合成的关键介质，通过生成不同的磷脂酸池来调节特定的下游甘油磷脂种类的产生，这些磷脂酸池进入专门的生物合成途径。任何特定的 LPAAT 的缺失都会导致细胞和细胞器膜磷脂组成的改变，即使对于不同组织中的单个酶也是如此，这具有独特的病理生理意义。
