Bassey Bassey Enya, Braka Fiona, Vaz Rui Gama, Komakech William, Maleghemi Sylvester Toritseju, Koko Richard, Igbu Thompson, Ireye Faith, Agwai Sylvester, Akpan Godwin Ubong, Tegegne Sisay Gashu, Mohammed Abdul-Aziz Garba, Okocha-Ejeko Angela
World Health organization (WHO) Nigeria Country office, UN House, plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, Abuja, Garki, PMB 2861, Nigeria.
BMC Infect Dis. 2018 Jan 27;18(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-2963-6.
The globally synchronized switch from trivalent Oral Polio Vaccine (tOPV) to bivalent Oral Polio Vaccine (bOPV) took place in Nigeria on April 18th 2016. The country is divided into six geopolitical zones. This study reports the experiences and lessons learned from the switch process in the six states that make up Nigeria's south-south geopolitical zone.
This was a descriptive retrospective review of Nigeria's switch plan and structures used for implementing the tOPV-bOPV switch in the south-south zone. Nigeria's National Polio Emergency Operation Centre (NPEOC) protocols, global guidelines and reports from switch supervisors during the switch were used to provide background information for this study. Quantitative data were derived from reviewing switch monitoring and validation documents as submitted to the NPEOC RESULTS: The switch process took place in all 3078 Health Facilities (HFs) and 123 Local Government Areas (LGAs) that make up the six states in the zone. A total of $139,430 was used for this process. The 'healthcare personnel' component received the highest budgetary allocation (59%) followed by the 'logistics' component (18%). Akwa Ibom state was allocated the highest number of healthcare personnel and hence received the most budgetary allocation compared to the six states (total healthcare personnel = 458, total budgetary allocation = $17,428). Validation of the switch process revealed that eight HFs in Bayelsa, Cross-River, Edo and Rivers states still possessed tOPV in cold-chain while six HFs in Cross-River and Rivers states had tOPV out of cold-chain but without the 'do not use' sticker. Akwa-Ibom was the only state in the zone to have bOPV and Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) available in all its HFs monitored.
The Nigerian tOPV-bOPV switch was successful. For future Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) withdrawals, implementation of the switch plan would be more feasible with an earlier dissemination of funds from global donor organizations, which would greatly aid timely planning and preparations. Increased budgetary allocation to the 'logistics' component to accommodate unexpected hikes in transportation prices and the general inefficiencies with power supply in the country is also advised.
2016年4月18日，尼日利亚全球同步从三价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（tOPV）转换为二价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（bOPV）。该国分为六个地缘政治区。本研究报告了尼日利亚南南地缘政治区六个州在转换过程中的经验和教训。
这是对尼日利亚南南地区用于实施tOPV - bOPV转换的计划和结构的描述性回顾。尼日利亚国家脊髓灰质炎应急行动中心（NPEOC）的方案、全球指南以及转换期间转换监督员的报告被用于为本研究提供背景信息。定量数据来自对提交给NPEOC的转换监测和验证文件的审查。结果：转换过程在该地区六个州的所有3078个卫生设施（HFs）和123个地方政府区域（LGAs）中进行。此过程总共花费了139,430美元。“医护人员”部分获得的预算分配最高（59%），其次是“后勤”部分（18%）。与六个州相比，阿夸伊博姆州分配的医护人员数量最多，因此获得的预算分配也最多（医护人员总数 = 458人，预算分配总额 = 17,428美元）。转换过程的验证显示，巴耶尔萨州、克罗斯河州、江户州和河流州的8个卫生设施在冷链中仍存有tOPV，而克罗斯河州和河流州的6个卫生设施的tOPV不在冷链中，但没有“请勿使用”标签。阿夸伊博姆州是该地区唯一在所监测的所有卫生设施中都有bOPV和灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗（IPV）的州。
尼日利亚的tOPV - bOPV转换取得成功。对于未来的口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）停用，全球捐助组织更早地发放资金将使转换计划的实施更可行，这将极大地有助于及时规划和准备工作。还建议增加对“后勤”部分的预算分配，以应对运输价格意外上涨以及该国电力供应普遍低效的问题。
