Navarro-Pardo Esperanza, Holland Carol A, Cano Antonio
Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Division of Health Research, Centre for Ageing Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2018 Jan 9;9:439. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00439. eCollection 2017.
Besides their key role in reproduction, estrogens have effects in several organs in the body, as confirmed by the identification of estrogen receptors (ER) in multiple tissues. Experimental evidence has shown that estrogens have significant impacts on the central nervous system (CNS), and a key question is to what extent the fall in estrogen levels in the blood that occurs with increasing age, particularly around and following the menopause, has an impact on the cognitive function and psychological health of women, specifically regarding mood. This review will consider direct effects of menopausal changes in estrogens on the brain, including cognitive function and mood. Secondary pathways whereby health factors affected by changes in estrogens may interact with CNS functions, such as cardiovascular factors, will be reviewed as well insofar as they also have an impact on cognitive function. Finally, because decline in estrogens may induce changes in the CNS, there is interest in clarifying whether hormone therapy may offer a beneficial balance and the impact of hormone therapy on cognition will also be considered.
除了在生殖过程中发挥关键作用外，雌激素在身体的多个器官中也有作用，这一点已通过在多种组织中鉴定出雌激素受体（ER）得到证实。实验证据表明，雌激素对中枢神经系统（CNS）有重大影响，一个关键问题是，随着年龄增长，尤其是在绝经前后及绝经后，血液中雌激素水平的下降在多大程度上会影响女性的认知功能和心理健康，特别是情绪方面。本综述将探讨绝经时雌激素变化对大脑的直接影响，包括认知功能和情绪。雌激素变化所影响的健康因素可能与中枢神经系统功能相互作用的次要途径，如心血管因素，只要它们也对认知功能有影响，也将进行综述。最后，由于雌激素下降可能会引起中枢神经系统的变化，因此人们有兴趣弄清楚激素疗法是否能带来有益的平衡，同时也将考虑激素疗法对认知的影响。
