Colica Carmela, Mazza Elisa, Ferro Yvelise, Fava Antonietta, De Bonis Daniele, Greco Marta, Foti Daniela Patrizia, Gulletta Elio, Romeo Stefano, Pujia Arturo, Montalcini Tiziana
Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, CNR, Organizational Support Unit, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy.
Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Nutrition Unit, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017 Dec 13;8:344. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00344. eCollection 2017.
Although the role of dietary factors in the prevention of bone loss and fractures has been investigated in many studies, few studies have examined the association between dietary patterns and total body bone density. Our aim was to determine the relations between dietary patterns and whole-body bone mineral density (WB-BMD) and the association between dietary patterns, fractures, and multiple fractures in the elderly.
This cross-sectional study included 177 individuals aged ≥65 years. A dual X-ray absorptiometry scan was performed to measure BMD. Dietary patterns were ascertained by a combination of dietary intake assessment and principal components analysis.
Only three dietary patterns correlated with whole-body bone density. The multivariate-adjusted mean bone density across tertiles of these dietary patterns showed that the highest tertile of both the patterns 1 and 2 had a significantly higher bone density than the lowest tertile (pattern 1: 1.021 ± 0.01 and 1.070 ± 0.01 g/cm for T1 and T3, respectively; = 0.043; pattern 2: 1.023 ± 0.01, and 1.081 ± 0.01 g/cm for T1 and T3, respectively; = 0.003). We also find significant gender difference in these results. The highest adherence to the dietary pattern 5 was associated with decreased odds of having fractures (OR = 0.20, = 0.009), and adherence to the pattern 1 was negatively associated with multiple fractures.
A high adherence to the dietary pattern 1 (high intake of grains, fish and olive oil) was associated with a high BMD and a low number of fractures. The highest adherence to the dietary pattern 5 (legumes and wine) was associated with decreased odds of having fractures. Our finding would suggest a potential bone-preserving properties of specific dietary patterns in the elderly.
尽管许多研究已经探讨了饮食因素在预防骨质流失和骨折中的作用，但很少有研究考察饮食模式与全身骨密度之间的关联。我们的目的是确定饮食模式与全身骨矿物质密度（WB-BMD）之间的关系，以及饮食模式、骨折和老年人多发性骨折之间的关联。
这项横断面研究纳入了177名年龄≥65岁的个体。进行双能X线吸收测定扫描以测量骨密度。通过饮食摄入量评估和主成分分析相结合的方法确定饮食模式。
只有三种饮食模式与全身骨密度相关。这些饮食模式三分位数的多变量调整后平均骨密度显示，模式1和模式2的最高三分位数的骨密度均显著高于最低三分位数（模式1：T1和T3分别为1.021±0.01和1.070±0.01g/cm；P = 0.043；模式2：T1和T3分别为1.023±0.01和1.081±0.01g/cm；P = 0.003）。我们还发现这些结果存在显著的性别差异。对饮食模式5的最高依从性与骨折几率降低相关（OR = 0.20，P = 0.009），而对模式1的依从性与多发性骨折呈负相关。
对饮食模式1（高谷物、鱼类和橄榄油摄入量）的高依从性与高骨密度和低骨折数量相关。对饮食模式5（豆类和葡萄酒）的最高依从性与骨折几率降低相关。我们的研究结果表明特定饮食模式对老年人可能具有潜在的骨骼保护作用。
