Strauss R P
Cleft Palate J. 1985 Jan;22(1):56-62.
Responses to birth defects are influenced by their cultural and social context. Two multicultural societies, Israel and Nigeria, are reviewed for attitudes toward birth defects. Israel is a developed society where cultural and national origin affect utilization of health services. Differences between Western Jews, Oriental Jews, and Arabs exist in their explanations of etiology and their attitudes toward rehabilitation and community participation. Nigeria is a developing nation with limited health resources. Facial birth defects are stigmatized, infanticide remains a practice, and attitudinal barriers to the development of rehabilitation resources exist. The economic, demographic, and spiritual causes of infanticide are reviewed historically. The persistence of infanticide, though illegal, is discussed relative to issues facing the response of Western medicine to seriously afflicted newborns as well as prenatal genetic diagnosis. The importance of culture as a variable in cleft lip and palate research is stressed.
对出生缺陷的反应受到其文化和社会背景的影响。本文回顾了以色列和尼日利亚这两个多元文化社会对出生缺陷的态度。以色列是一个发达社会，文化和民族出身会影响医疗服务的利用情况。西方犹太人、东方犹太人和阿拉伯人在病因解释以及对康复和社区参与的态度上存在差异。尼日利亚是一个卫生资源有限的发展中国家。面部出生缺陷会带来耻辱感，杀婴现象仍然存在，而且在康复资源发展方面存在态度上的障碍。本文从历史角度审视了杀婴现象的经济、人口和精神层面的原因。尽管杀婴是非法行为，但仍结合西医应对重症新生儿以及产前基因诊断所面临的问题进行了讨论。强调了文化作为唇腭裂研究中的一个变量的重要性。
