Guida Alessandro, Carnet Sophie, Normandon Marlène, Lavielle-Guida Magali
a Laboratoire de Psychologie, Comportement, Cognition et Communication , Université Rennes , Rennes Cedex , France.
b Department of Life Sciences and the Environment , Université Rennes , Rennes Cedex , France.
Memory. 2018 Aug;26(7):922-935. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1428350. Epub 2018 Jan 29.
The SPoARC effect (Spatial Positional Associated Response Codes) has only been observed in working memory (WM) using closed sets. It is interpreted as showing that individuals spatialise to-be-remembered items in a left-to-right fashion, using spatialisation as context. Given that context is crucial for episodic memory (EM), we tested if this effect could be observed in EM by using 15-word lists taken from an open set. After each list, 30 probes were sequentially displayed to test recognition. The left/right-hand key assignment for yes/no answers was varied. No SPoARC effect was observed. However, as all previous SPoARC experiments had used short lists and closed sets, it was not possible to know if this absence of SPoARC was due to the open set feature or the length of the lists. A second experiment was thus run using open sets and short 5-word lists, which do not necessitate EM to be remembered. A SPoARC effect was observed indicating that Experiment 1 result was due to the involvement of supra-span lists and that SPoARC effects do not extend to EM with open sets. Experiment 2 also enabled us to generalise the SPoARC effect to open sets in WM for the first time.
空间位置关联反应编码效应（SPoARC效应）仅在使用封闭集合的工作记忆（WM）中被观察到。它被解释为表明个体以从左到右的方式将待记忆项目空间化，将空间化用作背景。鉴于背景对情景记忆（EM）至关重要，我们通过使用从开放集合中选取的15个单词的列表来测试在情景记忆中是否能观察到这种效应。在每个列表之后，依次显示30个探测项以测试识别。对是/否答案的左右键分配是变化的。未观察到SPoARC效应。然而，由于之前所有的SPoARC实验都使用了短列表和封闭集合，所以无法知道这种SPoARC效应的缺失是由于开放集合的特征还是列表的长度。因此进行了第二个实验，使用开放集合和5个单词的短列表，这些列表不需要情景记忆来记住。观察到了SPoARC效应，表明实验1的结果是由于超跨度列表的参与，并且SPoARC效应不会扩展到使用开放集合的情景记忆中。实验2还使我们首次将SPoARC效应推广到工作记忆中的开放集合。
