LP3C, Université Rennes, Rennes, France.
Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2019 Apr;26(2):434-451. doi: 10.3758/s13423-019-01582-0.
Two proposals have been put forward to account conjointly for the spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect and the spatial-positional association of response codes (SPoARC) effect: the working memory account and the dual account. Here, on the basis of experimental and theoretical knowledge acquired in the field of expert memory, we propose an alternative account-named the expertise account-that explains both effects through the acquisition and use of knowledge structures (a generalization of "chunks," "retrieval structures," and "templates"), which have been used extensively in expert memory theory. These knowledge structures can be of two types: nonslotted or slotted schemas. We suggest that the SNARC effect can be explained via the use of nonslotted schemas, and the SPoARC effect via slotted schemas. We conclude our article by presenting the broader implications of our framework for working memory in general, when considering knowledge structures.
已经提出了两种方案来共同解释空间-数字反应代码关联（SNARC）效应和空间-位置反应代码关联（SPoARC）效应：工作记忆理论和双重理论。在这里，我们基于专家记忆领域的实验和理论知识，提出了一种替代理论——专业知识理论，该理论通过获取和使用知识结构（“组块”、“检索结构”和“模板”的扩展）来解释这两种效应，这些知识结构在专家记忆理论中被广泛使用。这些知识结构有两种类型：非插槽模式或插槽模式模式。我们认为，SNARC 效应可以通过使用非插槽模式来解释，SPoARC 效应可以通过使用插槽模式来解释。在文章的最后，我们提出了在考虑知识结构时，我们的框架对一般工作记忆的更广泛影响。
