Carruth Lauren
School of International Service, American University.
Med Anthropol Q. 2018 Sep;32(3):340-364. doi: 10.1111/maq.12431. Epub 2018 Mar 10.
Based on ethnographic and policy research in the Somali Region of Ethiopia, this article examines how contemporary trends in the humanitarian relief industry to mandate continual data collection, "accountability," and the "localization" of aid have increased demands for participatory and intensive research methodologies in crisis-affected communities. International humanitarian relief agencies hustle to hire local staffs and recruit enough participants for their repeated research projects, while at the same time, the so-called beneficiaries of aid also hustle to participate in data collection as paid informants and temporary employees. Research is an important side gig for many beneficiaries, and beneficiaries' regular participation is vital to reforming humanitarian practice. Beneficiaries are not therefore passive recipients of charity, but actively help produce the representations of crisis and suffering that, in turn, potentially qualify them for aid. Their indispensability and activity within contemporary humanitarian "audit cultures" therefore present emergent but limited forms of counter-hegemonic power.
基于对埃塞俄比亚索马里地区的人种志和政策研究,本文探讨了人道主义救援行业中要求持续数据收集、“问责制”以及援助“本地化”的当代趋势,是如何增加了对受危机影响社区采用参与式和深入研究方法的需求。国际人道主义救援机构急于雇佣当地员工,并为其反复进行的研究项目招募足够的参与者,与此同时,所谓的援助受益者也急于作为有偿线人和临时雇员参与数据收集。对于许多受益者来说,研究是一项重要的副业,受益者的定期参与对于改革人道主义实践至关重要。因此,受益者并非慈善的被动接受者,而是积极地帮助塑造危机和苦难的表象,而这些表象反过来又有可能使他们获得援助资格。因此,他们在当代人道主义“审计文化”中的不可或缺性和能动性呈现出新兴但有限的反霸权权力形式。