Theintz G E
Helv Paediatr Acta. 1985;40(6):425-34.
In contrast to recreative sports, competition should not be allowed in children without regulations and supervision. Physical handicaps should be carefully looked for through a thorough pre-participation examination and appropriate physical activities should be defined for handicapped children. Hypoactivity, fear of accident and functional deterioration cause more damage to these children than physical training which may include competition provided the underlying disease is adequately treated. Regular physical exercise appears to provide significant physical and psychological benefits which are effective beyond the period of physical activity. Stress and aggressivity linked to competition do not seem to have harmful effects on child mental health, with an exception for elite adolescent athletes for whom more information is needed. These athletes are at risk for orthopaedic lesions by overuse as well as disturbances of cardiac and endocrine functions which may disqualify them temporarily for sport events. Treatments designed to boost performance such as anabolic steroids, amphetamines or blood transfusions should be strictly forbidden.
与娱乐性运动不同，在没有规则和监督的情况下，儿童不应参与竞赛。应通过全面的赛前检查仔细查找身体缺陷，并为残疾儿童确定合适的体育活动。多动、对事故的恐惧和功能退化对这些儿童造成的损害，比体育训练（如果潜在疾病得到充分治疗，体育训练可能包括竞赛）造成的损害更大。经常进行体育锻炼似乎能带来显著的身体和心理益处，这些益处在体育活动结束后仍能持续发挥作用。与竞赛相关的压力和攻击性似乎对儿童心理健康没有有害影响，但精英青少年运动员除外，对于他们还需要更多信息。这些运动员有因过度使用而导致骨科损伤以及心脏和内分泌功能紊乱的风险，这可能会使他们暂时无法参加体育赛事。应严格禁止使用合成代谢类固醇、安非他命或输血等旨在提高成绩的治疗方法。
