Vengerovsky A I, Yakimova T V, Nasanova O N
Vopr Pitan. 2015;84(6):69-75.
The influence of low-fat diet, nettle (Urtica dioica) leafs and burdock (Arctium lappa) roots extracts on lipid metabolism and glycosylation reactions has been investigated in experimental diabetes mellitus. These extracts were applied in diets with both high and low fat content. The experiments were performed on 90 noninbred male albino rats (200–220 g) that were divided into 9 experimental groups. Diabetes mellitus was modeled with twice-repeated intraperitoneal streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) injections. The animals received food with increased fat content (proteins – 8%, fats – 30%, carbohydrates – 62% of total daily caloric content) during 4 weeks before streptozotocine injections and 8 weeks after its discontinuation. Simultaneously the rats were daily administered nettle leafs (100 mg/kg), burdock roots (25 mg/kg) extracts or metformin (100 mg/kg) into the stomach during 10 days. During the period of agents introduction half the animals continued to receive food with high fat content, the other half received low fat diet (proteins – 20%, fats – 8%, carbohydrates – 72% of the total daily caloric content). The forth (control) group received low fat food only without extracts or metformin administration. The levels of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, malonic dialdehyde, lipid and lipoprotein fractions content were measured. It has been shown that after streptozotocine injections and 30% fat diet consumption the blood glucose level increased by 5.3 fold compared to that of the intact animals, the content of atherogenic lipid fractions increased by 2–8.3 fold and the protein glycosylation reactions were intensified by 1.9–2.5 fold. In animals fed with 8% fat diet the blood glucose and malonic dialdehyde content decreased by 1.8–2.3 fold. In this experiment the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, cholesterol of nonhigh-density lipoproteins, low-density and very low-density lipoproteins, as well as the cholesterol and protein content of high-density lipoproteins normalized. The low fat food did not cause glycosylation reactions regression. With the administration of nettle, burdock extracts or metformin to animals that continued to receive high fat food the blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, cholesterol of nonhigh-density lipoproteins, low-density and very low-density lipoproteins levels decreased by l.6–7.l fold as compared to the parameters in streptozotocine diabetes mellitus. Cholesterol and protein content of high-density lipoproteins increased by l.4–3.7 fold. The herbal extracts also prevented malonic dialdehyde formation, high-density lipoproteins and hemoglobin glycosylation. The nettle and burdock extracts more effectively decreased hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and lipoperoxidation in animals fed with low fat food. Metformin in the experiment with low fat intake decreased the glucose, low-density and very low-density lipoproteins content to a maximal degree and prevented high-density lipoproteins glycosylation.
在实验性糖尿病中，研究了低脂饮食、荨麻（Urtica dioica）叶提取物和牛蒡（Arctium lappa）根提取物对脂质代谢和糖基化反应的影响。这些提取物被应用于高脂肪和低脂肪含量的饮食中。实验选用90只非近交系雄性白化大鼠（体重200 - 220克），分为9个实验组。通过两次腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（30毫克/千克）建立糖尿病模型。在注射链脲佐菌素前4周和停药后8周，动物食用脂肪含量增加的食物（蛋白质 - 8%，脂肪 - 30%，碳水化合物 - 占每日总热量的62%）。同时，在10天内每天给大鼠灌胃荨麻叶提取物（100毫克/千克）、牛蒡根提取物（25毫克/千克）或二甲双胍（100毫克/千克）。在给药期间，一半动物继续食用高脂肪食物，另一半食用低脂饮食（蛋白质 - 20%，脂肪 - 8%，碳水化合物 - 占每日总热量的72%）。第四组（对照组）只食用低脂食物，不给予提取物或二甲双胍。检测了血糖、糖化血红蛋白、丙二醛、脂质和脂蛋白组分的含量。结果表明，注射链脲佐菌素并食用30%脂肪饮食后，血糖水平比正常动物升高了5.3倍，致动脉粥样硬化脂质组分含量增加了2 - 8.3倍，蛋白质糖基化反应增强了1.9 - 2.5倍。食用8%脂肪饮食的动物血糖和丙二醛含量降低了1.8 - 2.3倍。在该实验中，甘油三酯、总胆固醇、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度和极低密度脂蛋白水平以及高密度脂蛋白的胆固醇和蛋白质含量恢复正常。低脂食物并未使糖基化反应消退。给继续食用高脂肪食物的动物服用荨麻、牛蒡提取物或二甲双胍后，与链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病模型相比，血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度和极低密度脂蛋白水平降低了1.6 - 7.1倍。高密度脂蛋白的胆固醇和蛋白质含量增加了1.4 - 3.7倍。草药提取物还可防止丙二醛形成、高密度脂蛋白和血红蛋白糖基化。荨麻和牛蒡提取物能更有效地降低食用低脂食物动物的高血糖、高甘油三酯血症和脂质过氧化。在低脂饮食实验中，二甲双胍最大程度地降低了葡萄糖、低密度和极低密度脂蛋白含量，并防止高密度脂蛋白糖基化。
