Widmann Andreas, Schröger Erich, Wetzel Nicole
Cognitive and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Germany.
Cognitive and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Germany.
Biol Psychol. 2018 Mar;133:10-17. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.01.010. Epub 2018 Feb 4.
Novel sounds in the auditory oddball paradigm elicit a biphasic dilation of the pupil (PDR) and P3a as well as novelty P3 event-related potentials (ERPs). The biphasic PDR has been hypothesized to reflect the relaxation of the iris sphincter muscle due to parasympathetic inhibition and the constriction of the iris dilator muscle due to sympathetic activation. We measured the PDR and the P3 to neutral and to emotionally arousing negative novels in dark and moderate lighting conditions. By means of principal component analysis (PCA) of the PDR data we extracted two components: the early one was absent in darkness and, thus, presumably reflects parasympathetic inhibition, whereas the late component occurred in darkness and light and presumably reflects sympathetic activation. Importantly, only this sympathetic late component was enhanced for emotionally arousing (as compared to neutral) sounds supporting the hypothesis that emotional arousal specifically activates the sympathetic nervous system. In the ERPs we observed P3a and novelty P3 in response to novel sounds. Both components were enhanced for emotionally arousing (as compared to neutral) novels. Our results demonstrate that sympathetic and parasympathetic contributions to the PDR can be separated and link emotional arousal to sympathetic nervous system activation.
听觉失匹配范式中的新奇声音会引发瞳孔双相扩张（PDR）、P3a以及新奇P3事件相关电位（ERP）。据推测，双相PDR反映了由于副交感神经抑制导致的虹膜括约肌松弛以及由于交感神经激活导致的虹膜开大肌收缩。我们在黑暗和适度光照条件下测量了对中性和情绪唤起性负面小说的PDR和P3。通过对PDR数据进行主成分分析（PCA），我们提取了两个成分：早期成分在黑暗中不存在，因此可能反映副交感神经抑制，而晚期成分在黑暗和光照条件下均出现，可能反映交感神经激活。重要的是，只有这种交感神经晚期成分在情绪唤起性（与中性相比）声音中增强，这支持了情绪唤起特异性激活交感神经系统的假设。在ERP中，我们观察到对新奇声音的P3a和新奇P3。与中性小说相比，这两个成分在情绪唤起性小说中均增强。我们的结果表明，交感神经和副交感神经对PDR的贡献可以分开，并将情绪唤起与交感神经系统激活联系起来。
