Department of Environment and Health Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, P. O. Box 90420-80100, Mombasa, Kenya.
Department of Applied Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, P. O. Box 90420-80100, Mombasa, Kenya.
BMC Public Health. 2018 Jan 30;18(1):193. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5100-y.
Substance use is increasingly becoming prevalent on the African continent, fueling the spread of HIV infection. Although socio-demographic factors influence substance consumption and risk of HIV infection, the association of these factors with HIV infection is poorly understood among substance users on the African continent. The objective of the study was to assess socio-demographic and sexual practices that are associated with HIV infection among injection drug users (IDUs), non-IDUs, and non-drug users (DUs) at an urban setting of coastal Kenya.
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 451 adults comprising HIV-infected and -uninfected IDUs (n = 157 and 39); non-IDUs (n = 17 and 48); and non-DUs (n = 55 and 135); respectively at coastal, Kenya. Respondent driven sampling, snowball and makeshift methods were used to enroll IDUs and non-IDUs. Convenience and purposive sampling were used to enroll non-DUs from the hospital's voluntary HIV testing unit. Participant assisted questionnaire was used in collecting socio-demographic data and sexual practices.
Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that higher likelihood of HIV infection was associated with sex for police protection (OR, 9.526; 95% CI, 1.156-78.528; P = 0.036) and history of sexually transmitted infection (OR, 5.117; 95% CI, 1.924-13.485; P = 0.001) in IDUs; divorced, separated or widowed marital status (OR, 6.315; 95% CI, 1.334-29.898; P = 0.020) in non-IDUs; and unemployment (OR, 2.724; 95% CI, 1.049-7.070; P = 0.040) in non-drug users. However, never married (single) marital status (OR, 0.140; 95% CI, 0.030-0.649; P = 0.012) was associated with lower odds for HIV infection in non-drug users.
Altogether, these results suggest that socio-demographic and sexual risk factors for HIV transmission differ with drug use status, suggesting targeted preventive measures for drug users.
物质使用在非洲大陆日益普遍，助长了艾滋病毒感染的传播。尽管社会人口因素会影响物质消费和艾滋病毒感染的风险，但在非洲大陆的物质使用者中，这些因素与艾滋病毒感染的关联尚不清楚。本研究的目的是评估在肯尼亚沿海城市的注射吸毒者（IDU）、非 IDU 和非吸毒者（DU）中与艾滋病毒感染相关的社会人口学和性行为。
在肯尼亚沿海地区，对 451 名成年人进行了横断面描述性研究，包括艾滋病毒感染者和未感染者（IDU：157 名和 39 名；非 IDU：17 名和 48 名；非 DU：55 名和 135 名）。采用响应驱动抽样、滚雪球和临时方法招募 IDU 和非 IDU。便利抽样和目的抽样用于招募医院自愿艾滋病毒检测单位的非 DU。采用参与者辅助问卷收集社会人口学数据和性行为。
二元逻辑回归分析表明，与艾滋病毒感染的高可能性相关的因素包括：出于警察保护目的发生性行为（OR，9.526；95%CI，1.156-78.528；P=0.036）和性传播感染史（OR，5.117；95%CI，1.924-13.485；P=0.001）在 IDU 中；非 IDU 中的离异、分居或丧偶的婚姻状况（OR，6.315；95%CI，1.334-29.898；P=0.020）；非吸毒者中的失业（OR，2.724；95%CI，1.049-7.070；P=0.040）。然而，未婚（单身）的婚姻状况（OR，0.140；95%CI，0.030-0.649；P=0.012）与非吸毒者中 HIV 感染的可能性降低有关。
总之，这些结果表明，艾滋病毒传播的社会人口学和性行为风险因素因吸毒状况而异，提示针对吸毒者采取有针对性的预防措施。
