Department of Biological Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya.
Afr Health Sci. 2022 Mar;22(1):431-442. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v22i1.52.
Illicit substance use and HIV infection cause haematological derangements. Anaemia characterized by a reduction in the quality and quantity erythrocytes is the most common disorder in both HIV-positive persons and illicit substance users.
To describe anaemia burden, types, and its association with HIV in injectable substance users in Mombasa, Kenya.
This descriptive case-control study evaluated red cell indices and morphology in 494 adults. The primary outcome was anaemia. The association of anaemia with HIV in injection substance users was determined using the chi-square test.
The participants included 275 injection substance users (ISU), (HIV-positive, n=62 and HIV-negative, n=213); and 219 non-injection substance users (nonISU), (HIV-positive, n=33 and HIV-negative, n=186). Overall, 49% were anaemic with anaemia burden significantly differing across the groups, X2(3, N=494) =12.1, p=0.0070. Anaemia burden was higher in HIV-positive ISU compared to HIV-negative ISU (odds ratio (OR) = 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85, 2.96); and HIV-positive nonISU compared to HIV-negative nonISU (OR = 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17, 0.79). Most of the anaemia was dimorphic in both HIV-positive (ISU, 67% and nonISU, 52%) and HIV-negative (ISU, 43% and nonISU, 55%) participants.
Infection with HIV is associated with increased risk of anaemia in injectable and non-injectable substance users. Majority of the anaemia was dimorphic suggestive of multiple aetiologies. Establishing the related aetiologies is essential for the effective treatment of anaemia. The accurate evaluation of thin blood films remains an essential tool in diagnosing an array of haematologic disorders and as a reference for further tests and patient management.
非法物质使用和 HIV 感染会导致血液系统紊乱。贫血是 HIV 阳性和非法物质使用者中最常见的血液系统疾病，其特征是红细胞的质量和数量减少。
描述肯尼亚蒙巴萨注射类物质使用者的贫血负担、类型及其与 HIV 的关联。
本描述性病例对照研究评估了 494 名成年人的红细胞指数和形态。主要结局是贫血。使用卡方检验确定注射类物质使用者中贫血与 HIV 的关联。
参与者包括 275 名注射类物质使用者（ISU）（HIV 阳性，n=62；HIV 阴性，n=213）和 219 名非注射类物质使用者（非 ISU）（HIV 阳性，n=33；HIV 阴性，n=186）。总体而言，49%的人患有贫血，各组贫血负担差异显著，X2(3, N=494)=12.1，p=0.0070。与 HIV 阴性 ISU 相比，HIV 阳性 ISU 的贫血负担更高（比值比（OR）=1.59，95%置信区间（CI）：0.85，2.96）；与 HIV 阴性非 ISU 相比，HIV 阳性非 ISU 的贫血负担更低（OR=0.37，95%置信区间（CI）：0.17，0.79）。大多数贫血在 HIV 阳性（ISU，67%和非 ISU，52%）和 HIV 阴性（ISU，43%和非 ISU，55%）参与者中呈双相性。
感染 HIV 会增加注射和非注射类物质使用者发生贫血的风险。大多数贫血呈双相性，提示存在多种病因。确定相关病因对于有效治疗贫血至关重要。准确评估薄血涂片仍然是诊断一系列血液系统疾病的重要工具，并可作为进一步检查和患者管理的参考。
