Auh Y H, Rubenstein W A, Schneider M, Reckler J M, Whalen J P, Kazam E
Radiology. 1986 May;159(2):319-28. doi: 10.1148/radiology.159.2.2938210.
The extraperitoneal space around the urinary bladder is lamellate, just like the retroperitoneal space around the kidneys. The bladder, urachus, and obliterated umbilical arteries lie within the perivesical space, surrounded by umbilicovesical fascia, analogous to the perinephric space within the renal fascia. A much larger prevesical space, analogous to the anterior pararenal space, lies anterior and lateral to the umbilicovesical fascia. Posterior to the urinary bladder, the lower uterine segment or seminal vesicles lie within the perivesical space, rather than in a separate compartment, corresponding to the posterior pararenal space. The cul-de-sac, and the inferolateral extension of its peritoneal layers as the rectovaginal or rectovesical septum, separate the posterior perivesical space from the rectum. The sectional anatomy of these spaces, and particularly their computed tomographic and ultrasound appearances, were noted in normal anatomic sections, patients with extraperitoneal fluid collections, and a cadaver into which fluid was injected.
膀胱周围的腹膜外间隙呈层状，就像肾脏周围的腹膜后间隙一样。膀胱、脐尿管和闭锁的脐动脉位于膀胱周围间隙内，被脐膀胱筋膜所包围，类似于肾筋膜内的肾周间隙。一个大得多的膀胱前间隙，类似于肾旁前间隙，位于脐膀胱筋膜的前方和外侧。在膀胱后方，子宫下段或精囊位于膀胱周围间隙内，而不是在一个单独的腔隙中，这对应于肾旁后间隙。直肠子宫陷凹及其腹膜层作为直肠阴道隔或直肠膀胱隔的下外侧延伸，将膀胱后间隙与直肠分开。在正常解剖切片、有腹膜外积液的患者以及注入液体的尸体中，观察了这些间隙的断层解剖，特别是它们的计算机断层扫描和超声表现。
