De Angelis Flavio, Scorrano Gabriele, Martínez-Labarga Cristina, Scano Giuseppina, Macciardi Fabio, Rickards Olga
a Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy.
b Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior , University of California , Irvine , CA , USA.
Ann Hum Biol. 2018 Feb;45(1):5-19. doi: 10.1080/03014460.2017.1416172.
The Mediterranean area has always played a significant role in human dispersal due to the large number of migratory events contributing to shape the cultural features and the genetic pool of its populations.
This paper aims to review and diachronically describe the mitogenome variability in the Mediterranean population and the main demic diffusions that occurred in this area over time.
Frequency distributions of the leading mitochondrial haplogroups have been geographically and chronologically evaluated. The variability of U5b and K lineages has been focussed to broaden the knowledge of their genetic histories.
The mitochondrial genetic makeup of Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers is poorly defined within the extant Mediterranean populations, since only a few traces of their genetic contribution are still detectable. The Neolithic lineages are more represented, suggesting that the Neolithic revolution had a marked effect on the peopling of the Mediterranean area. The largest effect, however, was provided by historical migrations.
Although the mitogenome variability has been widely used to try and clarify the evolution of the Mediterranean genetic makeup throughout almost 50 000 years, it is necessary to collect whole genome data on both extinct and extant populations from this area to fully reconstruct and interpret the impact of multiple migratory waves and their cultural and genetic consequences on the structure of the Mediterranean populations.
地中海地区在人类迁徙过程中一直发挥着重要作用，因为大量的迁徙活动塑造了该地区人口的文化特征和基因库。
本文旨在回顾并按时间顺序描述地中海人群的线粒体基因组变异性以及该地区随时间发生的主要人口扩散情况。
对主要线粒体单倍群的频率分布进行了地理和时间上的评估。重点关注了U5b和K谱系的变异性，以拓宽对其遗传历史的认识。
在现存的地中海人群中，旧石器时代狩猎采集者的线粒体遗传构成界定不清，因为目前仅能检测到他们遗传贡献的少量痕迹。新石器时代的谱系表现更为突出，这表明新石器革命对地中海地区的人口构成产生了显著影响。然而，历史上的迁徙产生的影响最大。
尽管线粒体基因组变异性已被广泛用于试图阐明近5万年地中海遗传构成的演变，但仍有必要收集该地区已灭绝和现存人群的全基因组数据，以全面重建和解读多次迁徙浪潮及其文化和遗传后果对地中海人群结构的影响。
